{"ask-the-expert":{"title":"Ask the expert","acc":{"entries":"Select a question to ask the expert."}},"assessment-introduction":{"title":"Introduction","text1":{"paragraph1":"This test will give you a chance to check your understanding of what we’ve covered in this course, so you can feel confident that you’re up to speed with everything.","paragraph2":"During the test, you’ll need to answer a series of questions, each of which will have a number of marks, based on its difficulty. You won’t receive any detailed feedback on what you got right and wrong as you answer the questions, but you will be given a running score, so you can see how well you’re doing.","paragraph3":"At the end of the test you’ll be given an overall score – here’s what you’ll need to score in order to pass. If you don’t manage to pass the test, don’t worry: simply re-study the areas of the course you had difficulty with and then re-take the test to try and improve your score. When you're ready, select <strong>Continue</strong> to make a start. Good luck!","paragraph4":"At the end of the test you’ll be given an overall score. If this indicates that there are gaps in your understanding, you’ll able to re-study the areas of the course you had difficulty with and then re-take the test to try and improve your score. When you're ready, select <strong>Continue</strong> to make a start. Good luck!"},"pass-mark-label":{"text":"REQUIRED PASS MARK"}},"assessment-questions":{"title":"Question ${core.course.assessment.questionNumber} of ${core.course.assessment.questionCount}","assessment-element":{"assessment-score-indicator":{"question":"Score this question: ${currentQuestionMarks} / ${availableQuestionMarks}","assessment":"Score so far: ${currentAssessmentMarks} / ${availableAssessmentMarks}"}}},"assessment-summary":{"title":"Your score","text1":{"paragraph1":"Congratulations, you scored a perfect 100%, so obviously have an excellent understanding of the contents of this course. Well done!","paragraph2":"Well done, you passed the test! Your score indicates that you have a good understanding of the contents of this course. However, you didn’t answer all the questions correctly, so you may want to re-visit the parts of the course we’ve highlighted on the course menu to address any gaps in your understanding.","paragraph3":"Not bad, but your score falls a little short of a pass mark. The areas you had difficulty with are highlighted on the course menu. We’d recommend that you re-visit these areas and then re-take the test to try and improve your score. Remember, you need to pass the test in order to complete this course.","paragraph4":"Your score falls quite a way short of a pass mark. The areas you had difficulty with are highlighted on the course menu. We’d strongly recommend that you re-visit these areas and then re-take the test to try and improve your score. Remember, you need to pass the test in order to complete this course.","paragraph5":"Well done, your score indicates that you have a good understanding of the contents of this course. However, you didn’t answer all the questions correctly, so you may want to re-visit the parts of the course we’ve highlighted on the course menu to address any gaps in your understanding.","paragraph6":"You’ve now completed the test. Your score indicates that there are some gaps in your understanding of what we covered in the course. We’ve highlighted the relevant areas on the course menu. We’d recommend that you re-visit these areas and then re-take the test to try and improve your score.","paragraph7":"You’ve now completed the test. Your score indicates that there are several gaps in your understanding of what we covered in the course. We’ve highlighted the relevant areas on the course menu. We’d strongly recommend that you re-visit these areas and then re-take the test to try and improve your score.","paragraph8":"Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu, from where you’ll be able to download a personalised course completion certificate.","paragraph9":"Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu."},"recommended-label":{"text":"Recommended for re-study"}},"course-configuration":{"title":"Course Configuration","text1":{"paragraph1":"Before getting started, why not take a moment to configure the course to best meet your needs. Don’t worry, you can always change your selections later."},"settings-footer":{"text":"Select <b>Confirm</b> when you’ve finished."},"setting-description":{"audio-enabled":"The course makes extensive use of audio voiceover. If you’d rather read through the content, or are running over a slow connection, switch the audio off here.","video-subtitles":"Switch this option on if you’d like any video scenes in the course to be subtitled.","focus-outline":"If you’ll be using a keyboard to navigate through the course, we’d recommend switching the button outline on, so that you can keep track of what’s selected.","high-contrast":"The standard colour scheme is dark text on a light background, but switch on the inverse colour scheme for light text on a dark background."},"info-panel-text":{"text":"<strong>Course too small or too large on your display? To change its size:</strong>"},"info-panel-desktop-zoom-text":{"text":"<strong>On a desktop</strong> – adjust the size of the course window and the content will automatically scale up or down to fill the window. Maximising the window and entering full screen mode will make the content as large as possible."},"info-panel-mobile-zoom-text":{"text":"<strong>On a tablet</strong> – pinch in or out anywhere on the content area until the course is at your preferred size."}},"course-copyright":{"client-logo":{"accName":"Company logo."},"copyright":{"text":"${core.licence.licenceText}"},"course-logo":{"accName":"Course logo."},"cpd-logo":{"accName":"CPD certified."},"cylix-logo":{"accName":"Cylix Limited logo."},"rospa-text":{"text":"Depending on your work environment and job role, you may require additional hands-on training to carry out the practical aspects of your role safely."},"title":"Course copyright"},"course-introduction":{"title":"Introduction","text1":{"paragraph1":"Health and safety is a major issue for all organisations and the people who work within them. And that includes you!","paragraph2":"In this course, we’ll explore what health and safety is and why it’s so important.","paragraph3":"We’ll look at some of the practical things you can do to improve safety in your workplace and create a healthy working environment.","paragraph4":"And we’ll introduce you to some of the main legislation that’s been put in place, and consider the responsibilities that organisations and individuals have for maintaining high standards of health and safety."}},"course-menu":{"title":"Course Menu","recommended":"Recommended for re-study.","duration":{"accName":" will take ${duration} to complete.","label":"${duration} minutes"},"progress-indicator":{"accName":"Section is ${element.status}","not-started":"not started.","started":"${element.progress}% ${core.manifest.course-menu.progress-indicator.completed}.","completed":"completed."},"client-logo":{"accName":"Company logo."},"options":{"accName":"Course sections.","certificate":{"label":"Course completion certificate"}},"instruction":{"text":"Select the section you’d like to study. We’d recommend initially studying the sections in the order they’re listed."},"first-entry-dialog":{"title":"Welcome"},"course-completed-dialog":{"title":"Course completed"}},"custom-policies":{"title":"Our Policies & Guidelines","accepted-label":{"text":"ACCEPTED"},"client-logo":{"accName":"Company logo."},"text1":{"paragraph1":"In order to ensure we meet our legal obligations and achieve the highest possible standards of good practice, we’ve developed our own policies and guidelines.","paragraph2":"It’s important you understand and follow these at all times, so please take the time to read through them carefully.","paragraph3":"It’s important you understand and follow these at all times. Please confirm you will do this by accepting the following statement."},"text2":{"paragraph1":"<i>“I hereby acknowledge that I have read, or shall read, understand and agree to follow the standards, processes and procedures set forth in the policies and guidelines that have been provided to me.”</i>"},"text3":{"paragraph1":"In the next section, you’ll be able to test your knowledge of what we’ve covered in this course. Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu.","paragraph2":"Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu."}},"demo-end":{"title":"End of section","text1":{"paragraph1":"You have now reached the end of this demonstration section. To find out more about the course, or to arrange a free, no-obligation demonstration, please contact Cylix.","paragraph2":"Telephone: <strong>${core.manifest.resources.entries.contact-1.phone}</strong>","paragraph3":"Email: <a data-id='contact-1' class='resources-email'>${core.manifest.resources.entries.contact-1.email}</a>","paragraph4":"Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu."}},"glossary":{"default-definition":"Please select a glossary entry to view its definition.","entries":{"accident":{"term":"accident","definition":"<p>A sudden unexpected event that causes damage, <a data-id='injury' class='glossary'>injury</a>, <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>, or death.</p>"},"accident-book":{"term":"accident book","definition":"<p>Every organisation with more than 10 employees must record basic details about any <a data-id='accident' class='glossary'>accidents</a> that occur. Traditionally, this is done in an “accident book”, although the records can be on single sheets, or even held on computer.</p><p>Records of incidents reported under <a data-id='riddor' class='glossary'>RIDDOR</a> must be kept for at least 3 years.</p>"},"accident-triangle":{"term":"accident triangle","definition":"<p>Accident statistics form a triangle, with the fewest <a data-id='incident' class='glossary'>incidents</a>, at the top, being the most serious. The least serious incidents, at the bottom of the triangle, are the most numerous.</p><p>By reducing the number of less serious incidents, you can reduce the number of serious incidents too.</p>"},"aids":{"term":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='severity' class='glossary'>severe</a> disease but with a low <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risk</a> of occupational <a data-id='infection' class='glossary'>infection</a>. It is actually a collection of <a data-id='symptom' class='glossary'>symptoms</a> and infections characterised by a breakdown of the body’s natural defences. It is caused by the <a data-id='human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)' class='glossary'>HIV</a> virus.</p>"},"adrenalin":{"term":"adrenalin","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='hormone' class='glossary'>hormone</a> released by the body in reaction to <a data-id='stress' class='glossary'>stress</a>. It prepares the body for “flight or fight”.</p>"},"aggression":{"term":"aggression","definition":"<p>Unfriendly and threatening behaviour that could lead to physical <a data-id='violence' class='glossary'>violence</a>.</p>"},"air-bag":{"term":"air bag","definition":"<p>An air cushion safety system designed to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall.</p>"},"ammonia":{"term":"ammonia","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='toxic' class='glossary'>toxic</a> chemical found in some household cleaners. If it’s mixed with <a data-id='bleach' class='glossary'>bleach</a>, deadly gasses are released.</p>"},"amosite":{"term":"amosite","definition":"<p>A form of asbestos also known as brown asbestos. Its harsh, spiky fibres have particularly good resistance to heat.</p>"},"anchored-body-harness":{"term":"anchored body harness","definition":"<p>A work harness used by an individual that is fixed to an anchor point and is designed to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall.</p>"},"anxiety":{"term":"anxiety","definition":"<p>A vague feeling of apprehension. Longstanding anxieties can give rise to <a data-id='stress' class='glossary'>stress</a>-related health problems.</p>"},"appointed-person":{"term":"appointed person","definition":"<p>A person in a low risk work environment who has been appointed to take control in the event of an accident. Unlike <a data-id='first-aider' class='glossary'>First Aiders</a>, Appointed Persons generally aren’t trained in providing initial care to victims of accidents.</p>"},"arson":{"term":"arson","definition":"<p>Deliberately and maliciously starting a fire to damage buildings or property. In Scotland, the legal term for this offence is <a data-id='wilful-fire-raising' class='glossary'>wilful fire-raising</a>.</p>"},"artex":{"term":"artex","definition":"<p>A surface coating used for interior decorating, in particular ceilings. Up to the mid 1980s, Artex was strengthened with white asbestos.</p>"},"asbestos":{"term":"asbestos","definition":"<p>A naturally occurring fibrous material that has been a popular building material since the 1950s. It was used as an insulator (to keep in heat and keep out cold), has good fire protection properties and protects against corrosion.</p>"},"asbestos-register":{"term":"asbestos register","definition":"<p>A register containing the location and condition of asbestos-containing materials in a building.</p>"},"asbestosis":{"term":"asbestosis","definition":"<p>A chronic, progressive inflammation of the lung caused by prolonged exposure to large quantities of asbestos.</p>"},"asphyxia":{"term":"asphyxia","definition":"<p>Any situation in which the supply of oxygen to your brain is cut off. Unconsciousness and death quickly follow.</p>"},"assembly-point":{"term":"assembly point","definition":"<p>A designated area of safety where people should gather in the event of an emergency, such as a fire.</p>"},"asthma":{"term":"asthma","definition":"<p>A condition of the lungs and airways that causes difficulty with breathing.</p>"},"bacteria":{"term":"bacteria","definition":"<p><a data-id='microscopic' class='glossary'>Microscopic</a> single-celled organisms present throughout the environment. Not all bacteria are harmful, but some cause <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>.</p>"},"biological-hazard":{"term":"biological hazard","definition":"<p>Substances associated with living things (including <a data-id='microscopic' class='glossary'>microscopic</a> organisms) that pose a threat to <a data-id='health' class='glossary'>health</a>. This can include medical waste, <a data-id='virus' class='glossary'>viruses</a>, and <a data-id='bacteria' class='glossary'>bacteria</a>.</p>"},"bleach":{"term":"bleach","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='toxic' class='glossary'>toxic</a> chemical used as a powerful cleaning agent. If it’s mixed with <a data-id='ammonia' class='glossary'>ammonia</a>, deadly gasses are released.</p>"},"body-language":{"term":"body language","definition":"<p>The gestures, poses, movements, and expressions that a person uses to communicate.</p>"},"british-crime-survey":{"term":"british crime survey","definition":"<p>An annual survey carried out by the <a data-id='home-office' class='glossary'>Home Office</a> into the level of crime, public attitudes to crime, and other Home Office issues.</p>"},"bucket":{"term":"bucket","definition":"<p>The part of a mobile elevated work platform (<a data-id='mobile-elevating-work-platform' class='glossary'>MEWP</a>) that the worker stands in.</p>"},"bursitis":{"term":"bursitis","definition":"<p>Inflammation of the natural pads that lubricate our joints and make them work smoothly. Bursitis is often caused by repeated pressure on the joint.</p>"},"butane":{"term":"butane","definition":"<p>A highly flammable gas used for heating and cooking, typically supplied in pressurised cylinders. Butane is heavier than air, so it tends to sink towards the ground. It can flow for long distances along the ground, and can collect in drains, gullies and cellars.</p>"},"chrysotile":{"term":"chrysotile","definition":"<p>A form of asbestos also known as white asbestos. It can withstand the fiercest heat and is so soft and flexible it can be spun and woven easily.</p>"},"circulation":{"term":"circulation","definition":"<p>The movement of blood round the body. A good circulation is essential to <a data-id='health' class='glossary'>health</a>, and is helped by taking regular exercise.</p>"},"collective-measures":{"term":"collective measures","definition":"<p>Safety measures designed to protect a group of people rather than an individual.</p>"},"control-of-asbestos-regulations":{"term":"Control of Asbestos Regulations","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>The Regulations that control how asbestos must be managed and controlled.</span> The regulations include:</p><ul><li>The ‘duty to manage asbestos’ in non-domestic premises.</li><li>The requirement to provide mandatory training for anyone liable to be exposed to asbestos fibres at work.</li><li>The requirement for most asbestos work to be carried out by a licensed contractor.</li><li>The requirement for certain ‘effective controls’ to be put in place if non-licensed work is being carried out.</li></ul>"},"coshh":{"term":"Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH)","definition":"<p>The law that requires employers to control people’s exposure to <a data-id='hazardous-substance' class='glossary'>hazardous substances</a>.</p>"},"corrosive":{"term":"corrosive","definition":"<p>Causing destruction of another substance, including human tissue</p>"},"crocidolite":{"term":"crocidolite","definition":"<p>A form of asbestos also known as blue asbestos. It is the most lethal type of asbestos. The needle-like fibres are the strongest of all asbestos fibres and have a high resistance to acids.</p>"},"daisy-chain":{"term":"daisy chain","definition":"<p>Things connected together in a series, for example several power cord extension leads connected to make one long one.</p>"},"dangerous-occurrences":{"term":"dangerous occurrences","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>Certain categories of near miss must be reported as dangerous occurrences under RIDDOR.</span> Schedule 2 of RIDDOR contains a long list of reportable dangerous occurrences and these include:</p><ul><li>The collapse, overturning or failure of any load-bearing part of any lifting equipment, other than an accessory for lifting.</li><li>The failure of any closed vessel or of any associated pipework (other than a pipeline) forming part of a pressure system, where that failure could cause the death of any person.</li><li>Any plant or equipment unintentionally coming into contact with an uninsulated overhead electric line in which the voltage exceeds 200 volts, or close proximity with such an electric line, such that it causes an electrical discharge.</li><li>Any explosion or fire caused by an electrical short circuit or overload which either results in the stoppage of the plant involved for more than 24 hours or causes a significant risk of death.</li><li>Any accident or incident which results or could have resulted in the release or escape of a biological agent likely to cause severe human infection or illness.</li></ul>"},"dehydration":{"term":"dehydration","definition":"<p>A condition caused by the loss of too much water from the body.</p>"},"depression":{"term":"depression","definition":"<p>A long-term state of low mood, characterized by feelings of sadness, loneliness, despair, and low self-esteem.</p>"},"diarrhoea":{"term":"diarrhoea","definition":"<p>Frequent fluid bowel movements. A symptom of a <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>.</p>"},"diarrhoeal-disease":{"term":"diarrhoeal disease","definition":"<p>A collective term for a range of <a data-id='infection' class='glossary'>infections</a> that cause <a data-id='diarrhoea' class='glossary'>diarrhoea</a> and sickness, with <a data-id='symptom' class='glossary'>symptoms</a> typically lasting no more than a few days.</p>"},"diffuse-pleural-thickening":{"term":"diffuse pleural thickening","definition":"<p>A disease which occurs when asbestos fibres that have been inhaled into the lungs work their way out to the pleura – a membrane which surrounds the lungs. This may cause fibrosis or scarring to develop.</p>"},"director":{"term":"director","definition":"<p>A person with joint responsibility for running an organisation.</p>"},"disease":{"term":"disease","definition":"<p>Any condition, other than a physical injury, that prevents your body from working as it should.</p>"},"drowning":{"term":"drowning","definition":"<p>Death by <a data-id='asphyxia' class='glossary'>asphyxiation</a>, caused by immersion in a liquid, such as water, or a free-flowing solid, such as grain.</p>"},"drug":{"term":"drug","definition":"<p>Any substance that can be used to modify a chemical process in the body, for example to treat an <a data-id='illness' class='glossary'>illness</a>, relieve a <a data-id='symptom' class='glossary'>symptom</a>, enhance performance, or to alter states of mind.</p>"},"electrocution":{"term":"electrocution","definition":"<p>Injury or death caused by electric shock.</p>"},"enforcing-authority":{"term":"enforcing authority","definition":"<p>The body responsible for enforcing Health and Safety legislation. This will either be the <a data-id='health-and-safety-executive' class='glossary'>Health and Safety Executive</a>, or the organisation’s <a data-id='local-authority' class='glossary'>Local Authority</a>, depending on the nature of the business.</p>"},"environmental-health-officer":{"term":"Environmental Health Officer","definition":"<p>An expert in <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> that usually works for a <a data-id='local-authority' class='glossary'>local authority</a> and helps develop, co-ordinate, implement, and enforce health and safety legislation and policies.</p>"},"ergonomics":{"term":"ergonomics","definition":"<p>The process of designing a job and job-related equipment so that it is comfortable and healthy to use.</p>"},"eye-strain":{"term":"eye-strain","definition":"<p>A sensation of tired eyes, often accompanied by headaches and difficulty with focussing or seeing.</p>"},"fatality":{"term":"fatality","definition":"<p>A death resulting from an <a data-id='accident' class='glossary'>accident</a> or a disaster.</p>"},"fatigue":{"term":"fatigue","definition":"<p>A feeling of excessive tiredness, with a desire to rest.</p>"},"fire-action-sign":{"term":"fire action sign","definition":"<p>A sign that explains what to do in the event of a fire.</p>"},"fire-alarm":{"term":"fire alarm","definition":"<p>A special alarm used to alert people that they should immediately evacuate the building.</p>"},"fire-blanket":{"term":"fire blanket","definition":"<p>A blanket made of special fire-resistant cloth, designed to be placed over a fire to smother it.</p>"},"fire-door":{"term":"fire door","definition":"<p>Special doors designed to slow down the spread of fire and smoke through a building.</p>"},"fire-exit":{"term":"fire exit","definition":"<p>A door used to escape from a building in case of an emergency such as a fire. These are often designed only to be used in emergency, but can be normal doors too.</p>"},"fire-extinguisher":{"term":"fire extinguisher","definition":"<p>A device used to put out a fire, often in an emergency situation. They consist of a pressurised container of chemicals that when discharged can put out a fire.</p>"},"fire-warden":{"term":"Fire Warden/Marshal","definition":"<p>An employee with special responsibilities in the event of a fire. They help people out of the building and make sure, as far as possible, that everyone has got out safely.</p>"},"first-aid":{"term":"first aid","definition":"<p>Emergency care given to an injured person before a medical professional can get to them.</p>"},"first-aid-box":{"term":"first aid box","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>An easily accessible box stocked with <a data-id='first-aid' class='glossary'>first aid</a> equipment. The contents should be based on an assessment of first aid needs.</span> As a guide, the <a data-id='health-and-safety-executive' class='glossary'>HSE</a> recommends the following as a <strong>minimum</strong> provision for workplaces with no special risks:</p><ul><li>A leaflet giving general guidance on first aid.</li><li>20 individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings (assorted sizes).</li><li>2 sterile eye pads.</li><li>4 individually wrapped triangular bandages (preferably sterile).</li><li>6 safety pins.</li><li>6 medium-sized (approximately 12 cm x 12 cm) individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressings.</li><li>2 large (approximately 18 cm x 18 cm) sterile individually wrapped unmedicated wound dressings.</li><li>1 pair of disposable gloves.</li></ul><p>Note: first aid boxes should <strong>never</strong> contain tablets or medicines.</p>"},"first-aider":{"term":"first aider","definition":"<p>A person who has been trained in administering <a data-id='first-aid' class='glossary'>first aid</a>, and holds a current first aid certificate issued by a HSE-approved provider. All workplaces must have a First Aider or – in low risk environments – <a data-id='appointed-person' class='glossary'>Appointed Person</a> who can take control in the event of an accident.</p>"},"flammable":{"term":"flammable","definition":"<p>Easily set on fire.</p>"},"flu":{"term":"flu","definition":"<p>Short for “influenza”, a <a data-id='virus' class='glossary'>viral</a> infection of the body’s airways.</p>"},"fragile-surface":{"term":"fragile surface","definition":"<p>A surface, such as a roof, that is not strong enough to support a person's weight.</p>"},"fumes":{"term":"fumes","definition":"<p><a data-id='toxic' class='glossary'>Toxic</a> or <a data-id='corrosive' class='glossary'>corrosive</a> airborne chemicals.</p>"},"gauntlets":{"term":"gauntlets","definition":"<p>Large reinforced gloves, with attached sleeves.</p>"},"goggles":{"term":"goggles","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>Large, fitted glasses with side guards, used as a protection for the eyes.</span See <a data-id='safety-spectacles' class='glossary'>safety spectacles</a>.</p>"},"guard-rail":{"term":"guard rail","definition":"<p>A safety barrier system, fixed around the edges of a work platform, designed to prevent people or objects falling.</p>"},"hazard":{"term":"hazard","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>Anything that has the potential to cause harm.</span> See <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessment</a>.</p>"},"hazardous-substance":{"term":"hazardous substance","definition":"<p>Any material that poses a threat to human health or the environment. Hazardous substances are usually <a data-id='toxic' class='glossary'>toxic</a>, <a data-id='corrosive' class='glossary'>corrosive</a>, <a data-id='flammable' class='glossary'>flammable</a>, or explosive.</p>"},"health":{"term":"health","definition":"<p>A person’s condition. Good health is marked by general fitness and the absence of any mental or physical illness or injury.</p>"},"health-and-safety":{"term":"health and safety","definition":"<p>A general term for all the activities aimed at preserving and protecting human <a data-id='health' class='glossary'>health</a> in the workplace.</p>"},"health-and-safety-at-work-act":{"term":"Health and Safety at Work Act","definition":"<p>The cornerstone of <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> legislation, introduced in 1974.</p>"},"health-and-safety-committee":{"term":"health and safety committee","definition":"<p>A group which regularly meets to discuss <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> issues within an organisation.</p>"},"health-and-safety-dse":{"term":"Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations","definition":"<p>Regulations introduced in 1992, that cover the use of computers at work.</p>"},"health-and-safety-executive":{"term":"Health and Safety Executive (HSE)","definition":"<p>The British government body responsible for the regulation of risks to <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> in the UK. It was created as a result of the <a data-id='health-and-safety-at-work-act' class='glossary'>Health and Safety at Work Act</a>.</p>"},"health-and-safety-officer":{"term":"Health and Safety Officer","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> expert employed by an organisation to provide them with advice and guidance on all matters relating to health and safety.</p>"},"health-and-safety-policy":{"term":"Health and Safety Policy","definition":"<p>An official statement setting out how an organisation manages <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a>. It influences all activities, including the selection of people, equipment and materials, the way work is done, and how goods and services are designed.</p>"},"health-and-safety-representative":{"term":"Health and Safety Representative","definition":"<p>A person elected by employees (or appointed by a trade union) to represent employees on <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> issues, investigate complaints, inspect the workplace, and assess <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risks</a>.</p>"},"heat-stress":{"term":"heat stress","definition":"<p>A condition that occurs when the body’s means of controlling its internal temperature starts to fail. It can be caused by high air temperature, but factors such as work rate, humidity and clothing all play a part. <a data-id='symptom' class='glossary'>Symptoms</a> can include muscle cramps, <a data-id='fatigue' class='glossary'>fatigue</a>, giddiness and <a data-id='nausea' class='glossary'>nausea</a>.</p>"},"hepatitis":{"term":"hepatitis","definition":"<p>An inflammation of the liver, generally caused by a viral infection. It can be a serious condition that can lead to liver failure.</p>"},"hiv":{"term":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)","definition":"<p>The <a data-id='virus' class='glossary'>virus</a> that causes <a data-id='aids' class='glossary'>AIDS</a>.</p>"},"home-office":{"term":"Home Office","definition":"<p>The government department responsible for internal affairs, such as law and order.</p>"},"hormone":{"term":"hormone","definition":"<p>A chemical, like <a data-id='adrenalin' class='glossary'>adrenalin</a>, that is released into the bloodstream to produce an effect on the body.</p>"},"hse-inspector":{"term":"HSE Inspector","definition":"<p>An expert in <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> that works for the <a data-id='health-and-safety-executive' class='glossary'>Health and Safety Executive</a>. They inspect industrial places of work and local authorities to enforce health and safety legislation and policies.</p>"},"human-resources":{"term":"Human Resources (HR)","definition":"<p>A department in an organisation that is responsible for personnel issues, including hiring, skills development, and compliance with associated government regulations.</p>"},"hyperventilation":{"term":"hyperventilation","definition":"<p>Abnormally rapid breathing which can lead to dizziness.</p>"},"hypothermia":{"term":"hypothermia","definition":"<p>A life-threatening condition in which the body’s warming mechanisms fail to maintain normal body temperature and the entire body cools.</p>"},"ill-health":{"term":"ill-health","definition":"<p>A poor state of health, due to illness, injury, or another cause.</p>"},"illness":{"term":"illness","definition":"<p>A mental or physical <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a> or infirmity leading to <a data-id='ill-health' class='glossary'>ill-health</a>.</p>"},"incident":{"term":"incident","definition":"<p>In the context of <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a>, any occurrence, including <a data-id='near-miss' class='glossary'>near miss</a> situations, which has the potential to cause personal <a data-id='injury' class='glossary'>injury</a>, death, <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>, or property damage.</p>"},"incident-contact-centre":{"term":"Incident Contact Centre","definition":"<p>A national organisation set up in 2001 to act as a single point of contact for reporting health and safety incidents in the UK. All RIDDOR-reportable accidents, diseases and <a data-id='dangerous-occurrences' class='glossary'>dangerous occurrences</a> must be reported to the Incident Contact Centre.</p>"},"infection":{"term":"infection","definition":"<p>An <a data-id='incident' class='glossary'>incident</a> in which an infectious <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a> is transmitted to a person.</p>"},"injury":{"term":"injury","definition":"<p>Damage to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical, chemical or biological.</p>"},"intuition":{"term":"intuition","definition":"<p>Knowing something without the conscious use of reasoning. A common example is the way people can read and interpret <a data-id='body-language' class='glossary'>body language</a>.</p>"},"jaundice":{"term":"jaundice","definition":"<p>A yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes, associated with liver <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>.</p>"},"lagging":{"term":"lagging","definition":"<p>Insulation used to prevent heat diffusion, commonly used for pipes, boilers and lofts. Old lagging material can contain up to 100% asbestos fibre making it a high hazard asbestos product.</p>"},"legionella-bacteria":{"term":"Legionella bacteria","definition":"<p>The <a data-id='bacteria' class='glossary'>bacteria</a> that causes <a data-id='legionnaires-disease' class='glossary'>Legionnaires’ disease</a>.</p>"},"legionnaires-disease":{"term":"Legionnaires’ disease","definition":"<p>A rare form of pneumonia caused by inhaling the mist from water sources infected by <a data-id='legionella-bacteria' class='glossary'>Legionella bacteria</a>.</p>"},"leptospirosis":{"term":"Leptospirosis","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='bacteria' class='glossary'>bacterial</a> disease usually causing <a data-id='flu' class='glossary'>flu</a>-like symptoms and general aches and pains. The severe form is called <a data-id='weils-disease' class='glossary'>Weil’s disease</a>.</p>"},"likelihood":{"term":"likelihood","definition":"<p>A measure of the probability of a <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazard</a> actually inflicting harm. Likelihood and <a data-id='severity' class='glossary'>severity</a> together define the overall level of <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risk</a> posed by a particular hazard.</p>"},"line-manager":{"term":"line manager","definition":"<p>A member of staff who occupies a managerial position within the organisational structure.</p>"},"local-authority":{"term":"local authority","definition":"<p>An administrative unit of government, responsible for a particular region.</p>"},"local-exhaust-ventilation":{"term":"local exhaust ventilation","definition":"<p>A hood or fan that captures and removes fumes at the point they are being produced, before they escape into the air.</p>"},"lower-digestive-tract":{"term":"lower digestive tract","definition":"<p>Also known as the lower gastrointestinal tract, it comprises the small intestine, large intestine and anus.</p>"},"lung-cancer":{"term":"lung cancer","definition":"<p>A cancerous lump or tumour in the lungs caused primarily by tobacco smoke, but can also be caused by breathing in significant amounts of asbestos fibres.</p>"},"management-of-hs-at-work-regulations":{"term":"Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations","definition":"<p>Regulations introduced in 1999 that define what employers are required to do to manage <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> under the <a data-id='health-and-safety-at-work-act' class='glossary'>Health and Safety at Work Act</a>.</p>"},"mask":{"term":"mask","definition":"<p>An item of <a data-id='personal-protective-equipment' class='glossary'>personal protective equipment</a> designed to protect the face and airways from <a data-id='fumes' class='glossary'>fumes</a> and other airborne <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazards</a>. There are many different types of mask, and it’s essential to select the correct one according to the hazard.</p>"},"medication":{"term":"medication","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='drug' class='glossary'>drug</a> used to treat, prevent, or relieve the <a data-id='symptom' class='glossary'>symptoms</a> of a <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>, illness or <a data-id='infection' class='glossary'>infection</a>.</p>"},"mesothelioma":{"term":"Mesothelioma","definition":"<p>A form of cancer that is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos. It mainly affects the linings surrounding the lungs and the <a data-id='lower-digestive-tract' class='glossary'>lower digestive tract</a>. The disease can take around 20 to 40 years to develop.</p>"},"microbiological-organism":{"term":"microbiological organism","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='virus' class='glossary'>virus</a>, <a data-id='bacteria' class='glossary'>bacterium</a>, or other <a data-id='microscopic' class='glossary'>microscopic</a> living thing.</p>"},"microscopic":{"term":"microscopic","definition":"<p>Too small to be seen with the naked eye.</p>"},"mobile-elevating-work-platform":{"term":"Mobile elevating work platform (MEWP)","definition":"<p>A type of elevated work platform that can be moved along the ground whilst extended. May also be known as a lift platform or cherry picker.</p>"},"movement-book":{"term":"movement book","definition":"<p>A shared diary used to record where people will be on certain days and times.</p>"},"nausea":{"term":"nausea","definition":"<p>A feeling of sickness or discomfort in the stomach.</p>"},"near-miss":{"term":"near miss","definition":"<p>An event or situation that could have resulted in an <a data-id='accident' class='glossary'>accident</a>, <a data-id='injury' class='glossary'>injury</a> or <a data-id='illness' class='glossary'>illness</a>, but did not.</p>"},"non-toxic-gas":{"term":"non-toxic gas","definition":"<p>A gas which is not harmful in itself. However, it may cause <a data-id='asphyxia' class='glossary'>asphyxia</a> if it displaces the air people are breathing.</p>"},"personal-alarm":{"term":"personal alarm","definition":"<p>A small hand-held alarm that emits a loud shriek or siren, disorientating an attacker, and possibly attracting help.</p>"},"personal-measures":{"term":"personal measures","definition":"<p>Safety measures designed to protect an individual rather than a group of people.</p>"},"personal-protective-equipment":{"term":"Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)","definition":"<p>Safety devices, such as <a data-id='goggles' class='glossary'>goggles</a>, <a data-id='mask' class='glossary'>masks</a>, and boots, worn by workers to protect against hazards.</p>"},"personal-protective-equipment-regulations":{"term":"Personal Protective Equipment Regulations","definition":"<p>Regulations introduced in 1992 that require employers to provide <a data-id='personal-protective-equipment' class='glossary'>personal protective equipment</a> wherever there are <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risks</a> to <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a> that cannot be adequately controlled in other ways.</p>"},"pesticide":{"term":"pesticide","definition":"<p>Any chemical or biological agent that kills plant or animal pests. Pesticides are very likely to be <a data-id='toxic' class='glossary'>toxic</a> to humans.</p>"},"platform-trolley":{"term":"platform trolley","definition":"<p>A large flat board with wheels, designed to carry heavy objects.</p>"},"pneumonia":{"term":"pneumonia","definition":"<p>An infection in the lungs.</p>"},"poison":{"term":"poison","definition":"<p>Any <a data-id='toxic' class='glossary'>toxic</a> substance.</p>"},"posture":{"term":"posture","definition":"<p>The way someone sits or stands. The position of different parts of a person’s body relative to one another.</p>"},"primary-fires":{"term":"primary fires","definition":"<span data-filter='min'><p>Primary fires are particularly serious fires that harm people or cause damage to property. To be classed as a primary fire, a fire must meet at least one of the following conditions:</p><ul><li>Occur in a non-derelict building, vehicle or outdoor structure</li><li>Result in fatalities, casualties or rescues</li><li>Involve five or more pumping appliances</li></ul></span><p>See also: <a data-id='secondary-fires' class='glossary'>secondary fires</a></p>"},"rash":{"term":"rash","definition":"<p>Marks on the skin caused by an <a data-id='illness' class='glossary'>illness</a>, <a data-id='corrosive' class='glossary'>corrosive</a> substance, allergy, or other cause.</p>"},"reasonable-force":{"term":"reasonable force","definition":"<p>The amount of force that it is acceptable to use when defending yourself from an attacker.</p>"},"reasonably-practicable":{"term":"reasonably practicable","definition":"<p>Organisations have a legal duty to define processes and procedures for undertaking work that are “so far as is reasonably practicable, safe and without risks to health”.</p><p>Determining what’s “reasonably practicable” involves assessing the risk to be avoided, the sacrifice (in money, time and trouble) involved in taking measures to avoid that risk, and comparing the two.</p>"},"regulation-on-clp":{"term":"Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)","definition":"<p>The law that enforces the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals directive (GHS) across the European Union. It requires suppliers of chemicals to provide information about the dangers of their products, and to package them safely.</p>"},"reinforced-footwear":{"term":"reinforced footwear","definition":"<p>Shoes or boots designed to protect the feet from <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazards</a>.</p>"},"riddor":{"term":"Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)","definition":"<p>Regulations that require employers to report some work-related <a data-id='accident' class='glossary'>accidents</a>, <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>diseases</a> and <a data-id='dangerous-occurrences' class='glossary'>dangerous occurrences</a>.</p>"},"risk":{"term":"risk","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>An overall measure of the <a data-id='likelihood' class='glossary'>likelihood</a> of a particular <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazard</a> actually causing harm and the <a data-id='severity' class='glossary'>severity</a> of harm that would be inflicted.</span> See <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessment</a>.</p>"},"risk-assessment":{"term":"risk assessment","definition":"<p>The process by which <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazards</a> in the workplace are identified, along with their level of <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risk</a>. As a result, <a data-id='safe-system-of-work' class='glossary'>safe systems of work</a> can be put in place in order to avoid the hazard completely or reduce the risk.</p>"},"roof-light":{"term":"roof light","definition":"<p>A window set into a roof.</p>"},"sack-truck":{"term":"sack truck","definition":"<p>A two-wheeled trolley that makes it easy to carry heavy loads.</p>"},"safe-system-of-work":{"term":"safe system of work","definition":"<p>The way in which a job must be carried out, in order to minimise the <a data-id='health-and-safety' class='glossary'>health and safety</a>&nbsp;<a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risks</a>. Also called an “SSW”.</p>"},"safety-data-sheet":{"term":"safety data sheet","definition":"<p>A sheet of information that must be provided by the supplier of a commercial chemical. It provides information on the nature of any <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazard</a>, and describes how to handle, store, and dispose of the substance safely. It also describes what to do in the event of an emergency, such as a spillage.</p>"},"safety-net":{"term":"safety net","definition":"<p>A safety measure fitted beneath work areas, such as fragile roofs, roof edges and work platforms, designed to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall.</p>"},"safety-spectacles":{"term":"safety spectacles","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>Large, clear glasses offering limited protection for the eyes.</span> See <a data-id='goggles' class='glossary'>goggles</a>.</p>"},"secondary-fires":{"term":"secondary fires","definition":"<p>Secondary fires are generally small outdoor fires, not involving people or property. They include refuse fires, grassland fires and fires in derelict buildings or vehicles, unless these result in casualties or rescues, or involve five or more pumping appliances, in which case they’re classed as <a data-id='primary-fires' class='glossary'>primary fires</a>.</p>"},"self-defence":{"term":"self-defence","definition":"<p>Actions taken by a person to disable an attacker long enough to escape from them.</p>"},"severity":{"term":"severity","definition":"<p><span data-filter='min'>The level of harm that is likely to be inflicted by a particular <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazard</a>. Severity and <a data-id='likelihood' class='glossary'>likelihood</a> together define the overall level of <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risk</a> posed by a particular hazard.</span> See <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessment</a>.</p>"},"skin-cancer":{"term":"skin cancer","definition":"<p>A potentially deadly <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a> of the skin.</p>"},"specified-injuries":{"term":"specified injuries","definition":"<span data-filter='min'><p>Types of non-fatal injuries to workers that are specified – and must be reported – under <a data-id='riddor' class='glossary'>RIDDOR</a>. They include:</p><ul><li>Fractures, other than to fingers, thumbs and toes.</li><li>Amputations.</li><li>Any injury likely to lead to permanent loss of sight or reduction in sight.</li><li>Any crush injury to the head or torso causing damage to the brain or internal organs.</li></ul></span><ul><li>Serious burns (including scalding) which covers more than 10% of the body or causes significant damage to the eyes, respiratory system or other vital organs.<li>Any scalding requiring hospital treatment.</li><li>Any loss of consciousness caused by head injury or asphyxia.</li><li>Any other injury arising from working in an enclosed space which leads to hypothermia or heat-induced illness or requires resuscitation or admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours.</ul>"},"stress":{"term":"stress","definition":"<p>The adverse reaction people have to excessive work pressures, or other types of demands placed on them.</p>"},"stroke":{"term":"stroke","definition":"<p>Damage to a part of the brain when its blood supply is suddenly reduced or stopped.</p>"},"symptom":{"term":"symptom","definition":"<p>A sign of <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a>.</p>"},"tendonitis":{"term":"tendonitis","definition":"<p>An inflammation of a tendon (the tissue which connects a muscle to a bone).</p>"},"the-working-at-height-regulations-2005":{"term":"The Working at Height Regulations 2005","definition":"<p>Regulations which apply to all work at height where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury.</p>"},"toe-board":{"term":"toe board","definition":"<p>A board fitted at the edges of a work platform to prevent objects or people from falling.</p>"},"toxic":{"term":"toxic","definition":"<p>Harmful or deadly to living things.</p>"},"trade-union":{"term":"trade union","definition":"<p>An organisation of people employed in a particular type of work, formed to protect and promote their common interests.</p>"},"tuberculosis":{"term":"tuberculosis","definition":"<p>A <a data-id='bacteria' class='glossary'>bacterial</a>&nbsp;<a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>disease</a> that usually attacks the lungs.</p>"},"upper-limb-disorder":{"term":"upper limb disorder","definition":"<p>A general term that refers to pain in the arms, hands, neck or shoulders. The pain results from repetitive activities or activities that require controlled <a data-id='posture' class='glossary'>posture</a>.</p>"},"violence":{"term":"violence","definition":"<p>Threatening and aggressive behaviour, or a physical assault, directed at another person.</p>"},"virus":{"term":"virus","definition":"<p>Tiny organisms that can infect living things and cause <a data-id='disease' class='glossary'>diseases</a>.</p>"},"weils-disease":{"term":"Weil’s disease","definition":"<p>A severe form of <a data-id='leptospirosis' class='glossary'>Leptospirosis</a>, causing <a data-id='jaundice' class='glossary'>jaundice</a> and liver damage.</p>"},"wilful-fire-raising":{"term":"wilful fire-raising","definition":"<p>The Scottish legal term for the offence of deliberately and maliciously starting a fire to damage buildings or property. In England and Wales, the legal term used is <a data-id='arson' class='glossary'>arson</a>.</p>"},"winching-equipment":{"term":"winching equipment","definition":"<p>A winch is a mechanical device used to wind up or let out the tension of a rope or cable.</p>"},"work-restraint-harness":{"term":"work restraint harness","definition":"<p>A work harness used by an individual that prevents the possibility of a fall occurring.</p>"}},"title":"Glossary"},"player":{"acc":{"recommended":"Recommended for re-study.","tabs":"Tab ${tabNum} of ${tabCount}.","titles":{"course":"${core.course.title} course content.","section":"Section: ${titles.section}. ${core.manifest.player.acc.titles.page}","page":"${titles.page} page content."},"toolkit-menu":"Toolkit.","message-box":{"error":"Error.","information":"Information.","question":"Question.","warning":"Warning."},"links":{"glossary":"Glossary term."},"time":{"seconds1":"${s} second.","seconds2":"${s} seconds.","minutes1":"${m} minute ${seconds}","minutes2":"${m} minutes ${seconds}","hours1":"${h} hour ${minutes}","hours2":"${h} hours ${minutes}"}},"button":{"label":{"accept":"Accept","ask-the-expert":"Ask the expert","audio-enabled":"Audio","bookmark-page":"Bookmark page","cancel":"Cancel","clear":"Clear","close":"Close","confirm":"Confirm","continue":"Continue","continue-next-page":"Continue","continue-next-section":"Continue","course-menu":"Menu","course-summary":"Course summary","dont-know":"Don't know","exit":"Exit","false":"False","focus-outline":"Button outline","glossary":"Glossary","help":"Help","high-contrast":"Inverse colour scheme","hint":"Hint","home-page":"Home","more":"More...","next-page":"Next page","next-section":"Next section","next-tab":"Next tab","no":"No","ok":"OK","pause":"Pause","play":"Play","previous-page":"Previous page","previous-tab":"Previous tab","print":"Print","replay-page":"Replay page","reset":"Reset","resources":"Resources","retry":"Retry","search":"Search","settings":"Settings","show-all-questions":"Show all questions","skip":"Skip","start-course":"Start course","stop":"Stop","submit":"Submit","subtitles-off":"Turn subtitles off","subtitles-on":"Turn subtitles on","toolkit":"Toolkit","true":"True","unsure":"Unsure","video-subtitles":"Subtitles","yes":"Yes"}},"licence":{"licence1":"${core.manifest.player.licence.copyright} ${core.manifest.player.licence.licensed-to}","licence2":"${core.manifest.player.licence.licence1} ${core.manifest.player.licence.until-date}","copyright":"&copy; Cylix Limited","licensed-to":"<br/>Licensed to ${core.licence.customerName}","until-date":"until ${core.licence.expiryDate}"},"marking-symbol":{"correct":"Correct.","incorrect":"Incorrect."},"message-box":{"certificate-error":{"text":"Unable to generate the course completion certificate. Please contact your administrator.","title":"Course completion certificate"},"completed":{"text-certificate":"${manifest.player.message-box.completed.not-available}<br/><br/>Select the <strong>Print</strong> button to print your course completion certificate, or <strong>Exit</strong> to leave the course.","text-no-certificate":"${manifest.player.message-box.completed.not-available}<br/><br/>Select <strong>Exit</strong> to leave the course.","not-available":"The course has now been completed and is not available for re-study.","title":"Course complete"},"customisation-error":{"text":"Unable to retrieve customised content. Please contact your administrator.","title":"Course customisation"},"error":{"text":"The course encountered a problem. Please contact your administrator.","title":"Oops!"},"exit":{"text":"Are you sure you want to exit?","title":"Exit?"},"licence-error":{"text":"The course licence failed to validate. Please contact your administrator.","title":"Licence validation"},"lms-communication-error":{"text":"There was a problem communicating with your learning management system. Please close the course and try again later.","title":"LMS communication"},"resume":{"text":"Would you like to resume from where you left off?","title":"Resume"},"session-ended":{"text":"Your course session has ended. You may now close this tab or window.","text-lms":"Your course session has ended. You may now leave using your Learning Management System.","title":"Session ended"}},"question":{"header":{"available-mark":"mark","available-marks":"marks"},"option":{"choice-label-selected":"Selected","choice-label-yes":"Yes","choice-label-no":"No","choice-label-true":"True","choice-label-false":"False","choice-label-agree":"Agree","choice-label-disagree":"Disagree"}},"radial-progress-indicator":{"accName":"${progressPercent}% completed."},"search-bar":{"clear-search":"Clear search.","placeholder-text":"Please enter a keyword..."},"video-player":{"accName":"Media player."}},"quick-start-guide":{"title":"Quick Start Guide","text1":{"paragraph1":"The course is very easy to use. To move through it, you simply select the <b>Continue</b> button in the bottom right of the page. Alternatively, you can press the <b>c</b> key as a shortcut. Select the <b>Continue</b> button, or press the <b>c</b> key now to move on.","paragraph2":"In the top toolbar, you’ll find a number of useful buttons that will help you use and get the most out of the course. Here’s a summary of what each of them do. Select <b>Continue</b> when you’re ready to move on.","paragraph3":"<b>Home</b>:<br/>Return to the course menu.","paragraph4":"<b>Previous page</b>:<br/>Jump back to previous page.","paragraph5":"<b>Replay page</b>:<br/>Replay the current page from the start.","paragraph6":"<b>Next page</b>:<br/>Jump forward to the next page.","paragraph7":"<b>Toolkit</b>:<br/>Access further resources and settings.","paragraph8":"<b>Exit</b>:<br/>Save progress data and exit the course.","paragraph9":"The <b>Toolkit</b> button allows you to access a range of course resources and settings, including:","paragraph10":"An Ask the Expert resource where you can find out more about key topics covered in the course.","paragraph11":"A glossary providing definitions of any specialist terms used.","paragraph12":"Other resources, such as links to useful websites.","paragraph13":"You don’t have to study the course in one sitting. Feel free to dip in and out when it suits you – your progress will be saved, so you’ll always be able to pick up where you last left off.","paragraph14":"Right, those are the basics, but if you want to find out more about using the course, select the <b>Help</b> button to access a full help guide."}},"resources":{"entries":{"custom1":{"group":true,"name":"Other resources","resources":["custom1-\\d+"]},"leg-1":{"name":"HSE – Health & Safety legislation","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse201"},"leg-2":{"name":"HSE guide to Health & Safety at Work Act 1974","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse202"},"leg-3":{"name":"HSE guide to working with display screen equipment (DSE)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse203"},"leg-4":{"name":"HSE Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse204"},"leg-5":{"name":"HSE guide to working with substances hazardous to health and COSHH","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse205"},"leg-6":{"name":"HSE guide to work breaks","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse206"},"legislation":{"group":true,"name":"Legislation","resources":["leg-\\d+"]},"org-1":{"name":"Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse101"},"org-10":{"name":"Suzy Lamplugh Trust","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse110"},"org-11":{"name":"Trading Standards Institute (TSI)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse111"},"org-2":{"name":"British Safety Council","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse102"},"org-3":{"name":"British Standards Institution (BSI)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse103"},"org-4":{"name":"Electrical Safety Council","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse104"},"org-5":{"name":"Institute of Ergonomics & Human Factors","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse105"},"org-6":{"name":"Health & Safety Executive (HSE)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse106"},"org-7":{"name":"Institution of Occupational Safety and Health","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse107"},"org-8":{"name":"Royal Society for Public Health","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse108"},"org-9":{"name":"Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA)","url":"https://redirect.elumos.net/redirect_hse.php?id=hse109"},"organisations":{"group":true,"name":"Organisations","resources":["org-\\d+"]},"policies":{"group":true,"name":"Our policies, procedures &amp; guidelines","resources":["policy-\\d+"]},"web-links":{"name":"Web links","resources":["policies","custom1","web-links-1","organisations","legislation"],"root":true},"web-links-1":{"group":true,"name":"External sources of further information and advice","resources":["custom2-\\d+","web-link1-\\d+","web-link-1-\\d+"]}},"title":"Resources"},"uhs":{"title":"Understanding Health & Safety","title2":"Understanding Health & Safety"},"uhs-01":{"title":"What is health & safety?","description":""},"uhs-01-010-010":{"title":"What is health and safety?","text":{"p1":"Workplace health and safety – or occupational health and safety as it’s also known – covers a wide range of areas. But it’s not a complicated idea. Essentially, it’s just the term that’s used for all the measures taken to create safe work environments and practices, and protect the health and well-being of people at work.","p2":"So far, so simple. But how relevant is health and safety to you? If, like most people, you already feel safe at work, you might think not very much. But would you be right?","p3":"The reality is that danger can lurk in even the most harmless-looking of places. And if you don’t believe this, try the following exercise…"}},"uhs-01-010-020":{"title":"Spotting danger","intro-text":{"p1":"Here’s a typical office scene. Nothing dangerous here, you might think. Well, take a closer look to see if you can find dangers lurking within it. When you spot something that you think could be dangerous, select it to see if you’re right. There are seven dangers in total – see if you can find them all. If you get stuck, select <strong>Hint</strong> for some help."},"option0-label":{"text":""},"option0-text":{"p1":"There’s nothing obviously dangerous here. Try again and remember to select <strong>Hint</strong> if you need any help spotting the dangers."},"option1-label":{"text":"Power cable trailing loosely across walkway"},"option1-text":{"p1":"You’re right. Cables left trailing loosely across walkways are a very common cause of accidents in the workplace."},"option2-label":{"text":"Paper guillotine with the handle up besides walkway"},"option2-text":{"p1":"Yes. Any items with sharp edges – like paper guillotines and scissors – can harm people if they’re not used and stored sensibly."},"option3-label":{"text":"Shelf overloaded with files above person working at desk"},"option3-text":{"p1":"That’s right. Overloaded shelves can cause serious damage and harm if they collapse or if anything falls off them."},"option4-label":{"text":"Person looking awkwardly at monitor"},"option4-text":{"p1":"You’re right. Nowadays, many people spend much of their working day in front of a keyboard and monitor. If their posture – or the layout of their workstation – is poor, then they may get muscle or eye strain. And this can lead to longer-term medical conditions, such as <a data-id='upper-limb-disorder' class='glossary'>upper limb disorder</a>."},"option5-label":{"text":"Person standing on swivel chair to reach file on high shelf"},"option5-text":{"p1":"Yes. Working off the ground is always potentially dangerous, but using something like a swivel chair as a support is just asking for trouble."},"option6-label":{"text":"Damaged electrical cable"},"option6-text":{"p1":"Well spotted. Damaged or exposed electrical cables are a common cause of <a data-id='electrocution' class='glossary'>electrocution</a> and fire."},"option7-label":{"text":"Person using spray adhesive"},"option7-text":{"p1":"That’s right. Not all dangers are things you can see and touch. Fumes from chemicals like spray adhesives can overcome people, while long-term exposure can cause medical conditions such as <a data-id='asthma' class='glossary'>asthma</a> and <a data-id='lung-cancer' class='glossary'>lung cancer</a>."},"option8-label":{"text":"First aid box"},"option8-text":{"p1":"A well-stocked <a data-id='first-aid-box' class='glossary'>First Aid box</a> is actually a legal requirement in workplaces, so this isn’t a danger. Try again and remember to select <strong>Hint</strong> if you need any help spotting the dangers."},"dangers-spotted":{"text":"Dangers spotted: <strong>${element.count}/7</strong>"},"final-text":{"p1":"Well done, that’s all seven dangers spotted! When you get a chance, look carefully around your own workplace – how many similar dangers can you spot there? Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’re ready to move on."}},"uhs-01-010-030":{"title":"Health and safety incidents","question":{"question":"So exactly what sorts of incidents does health and safety cover?","instruction":"Take a look at the example shown here and select the ones you think are health and safety incidents. Select <strong>Confirm</strong> when you’ve finished to see how you did.","option1":"Mary works in IT support and hurt her back carrying a printer between offices.","option2":"Rajeev works in sales and has become depressed and withdrawn due to the constant pressure of trying to hit targets.","option3":"Belinda retired two years ago and has now developed asthma as a result of factory work she did as a young woman.","option4":"Chris works in construction and was critically injured when the crane he was operating overturned at a building site.","option5":"Anya works in marketing and picked up flu from a colleague that left her bedridden for a week.","option6":"June, who works in logistics, narrowly avoided being hit by a fork lift truck while inspecting a warehouse.","option7":"Liam and several of his colleagues came down with food poisoning after their company’s summer barbeque."},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Yes, that’s right, well done. With the sole exception of Anya, these are all examples of health and safety incidents. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback.","p2":"Not quite. With the sole exception of Anya, these are all examples of health and safety incidents. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback.","p3":"In fact, with the sole exception of Anya, these are all examples of health and safety incidents. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback."},"final-text":{"p1":"All forms of accidents, injuries and deaths in the workplace are health and safety incidents.","p2":"The same is true when someone develops an illness or sickness that they’ve been especially exposed to through their work. Anya doesn’t fall into this category, though, because her work hasn’t made her especially exposed to picking up flu. Of course, if she worked in a lab handling different strains of flu virus, it would be a different matter.","p3":"And even when nobody’s hurt in a <a data-id='near-miss' class='glossary'>near miss</a>, it’s still a health and safety incident. That’s because unless it’s reported, steps won’t be taken to prevent a more serious incident in the future.","p4":"Finally, while many people associate health and safety only with physical well-being, it also encompasses mental and psychological illnesses, which are often <a data-id='stress' class='glossary'>stress</a>-related."}},"uhs-01-010-040":{"title":"The scale of the problem","intro-text":{"p1":"Years ago, most people were employed in agriculture or industry doing hard, physical jobs. Not surprisingly, there were many accidents, injuries and fatalities.","p2":"Today, though, many of us are employed in the service sector and work in environments like offices and shops. So surely health and safety isn’t a big deal nowadays. Or is it?"},"question":{"question":"What do you think is the scale of the problem during a typical year?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select <strong>Confirm</strong>.","option1":"Number of people injured in accidents at work","option1-1":"74,000","option1-2":"620,000","option1-3":"1.6 million","option2":"Number of people killed in accidents at work","option2-1":"15","option2-2":"39","option2-3":"140","option3":"Number of working days lost due to work-related illness or injury","option3-1":"800,000","option3-2":"12 million","option3-3":"30 million","option4":"Cost of injuries and ill health from working conditions","option4-1":"£2 million","option4-2":"£14 billion","option4-3":"£146 billion","choiceLabels":"Employer,Employee,Both"},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Yes, that’s right. These figures make pretty grim reading. Let’s take closer look at them now…","p2":"Close, but not quite. Let’s take a closer look at the actual figures now…","p3":"Not quite. Let’s take a closer look at the actual figures now…"},"final-text":{"p1":"Each year, well over half a million people are typically injured at work, while around 140 are killed. That means that, on average, roughly one in 50 working people are injured or killed in accidents at work… every year.","p2":"The human cost is, of course, the most important thing. But if that’s not enough on its own, there’s the economic impact too: each year, around 30 million working days are lost, costing the economy an estimated £14 billion. That’s equivalent to a tenth of the entire annual spend on the NHS."}},"uhs-01-010-050":{"title":"Causes of injuries","question-header":{"text":"As you’ve just seen, around 620,000 people are injured at work each year. We’re showing the top six causes of these injuries here, but which do you think are the most commonly occurring? Move the causes to the numbered boxes to rank them."},"question-footer":{"text":"Select <strong>Confirm</strong> when you’ve finished to see how you did."},"drag1":{"label":"Handling, lifting or carrying"},"drag2":{"label":"Slips, trips or falls on the same level"},"drag3":{"label":"Hit by a moving object or vehicle"},"drag4":{"label":"Contact with moving machinery"},"drag5":{"label":"Physical assault"},"drag6":{"label":"Falls from height"},"drop-label1":{"text":"1"},"drop-label2":{"text":"2"},"drop-label3":{"text":"3"},"drop-label4":{"text":"4"},"drop-label5":{"text":"5"},"drop-label6":{"text":"6"},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Spot on, well done! Let’s take a closer look at each of these causes now.","p2":"That’s pretty close. Let’s run through the correct sequence now.","p3":"Not really. Let’s run through the correct sequence now."},"final-text":{"p1":"Handling, lifting or carrying objects is the most common cause of injuries at work, accounting for 122,000 each year, nearly a fifth of the total. And it’s not surprising really: even if you’re not in a physical job, chances are you move things around from time-to-time: supplies, equipment, furniture and so on.","p2":"Coming in a close second is slips, trips or falls on the same level, accounting for 119,000 injuries each year, 19% of the total. Again, it’s the sort of accident that can happen to anyone, whatever the specifics of their job or workplace.","p3":"In third place is being hit by a moving object or vehicle, which accounts for over 60,000 injuries each year, nearly 10% of the total.","p4":"And a little way behind this is contact with moving machinery, which accounts for 44,000 injuries each year, 7% of the total.","p5":"The next most common cause – physical assault – highlights that health and safety isn’t just about accidents. It accounts for 41,000 injuries each year, over 6% of the total. It’s particularly common in jobs that involve direct interaction with the public.","p6":"Last – but by no means least – is falls from height, which account for 37,000 injuries each year, 6% of the total. While it’s not the top cause numbers-wise, it’s particularly significant because the injuries incurred are often serious or even fatal.","p7":"Of course, we’ve just focused on the top six causes here, but there are many others. Whatever the cause, almost all accidents share a key thing in common: a human factor. In other words, someone could have acted to prevent what happened: a manager, a colleague, the victim… or perhaps you. That’s why it’s so important for you – and everyone else – to know how to make the workplace a safer place."}},"uhs-01-010-060":{"title":"Summary","text":{"p1":"In this section, you’ve seen that workplace health and safety encompasses all the measures that are taken to create safe work environments and practices, and protect the health and well-being of people at work.","p2":"Each year in the  alone, hundreds of thousands of people are injured or killed in accidents in the workplace. And in the vast majority of these cases, someone could have taken action to prevent what happened.","p3":"In the next section, we’ll go on to look at what you can do to reduce the risk of accidents in your workplace. Select <strong>Continue</strong> to move on to the next section now, or <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu."}},"uhs-02":{"title":"Improving safety","description":""},"uhs-02-010-010":{"title":"The three elements of health and safety","intro-text":{"p1":"In order to make your workplace a safer place, you first need to understand the three key elements of health and safety: hazards, likelihood and severity. Select each of these elements to find out more. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Hazards"},"option1-text":{"p1":"A hazard is anything that can cause harm. Most of us encounter many different hazards during a typical day: traffic when we cross the road, stairways when we move around, sharp knives when we’re preparing food, and so on."},"option2-label":{"text":"Likelihood"},"option2-text":{"p1":"All hazards have the potential to cause harm, but some are more likely to cause harm than others. Likelihood is a measure of the probability of a particular hazard causing harm. Very often, we have at least some level of control over likelihood – for example, we may choose to walk carefully down a flight of steps, or to run down them."},"option3-label":{"text":"Severity"},"option3-text":{"p1":"Severity is a measure of the level of harm that’s likely to be inflicted by a particular hazard. So, for example, tripping over a cable on the floor is likely to result in fairly minor injuries; tripping down a flight of steps, on the other hand, is likely to be far more serious."},"final-text":{"p1":"Together, likelihood and severity define the overall level of risk posed by a particular hazard. In other words, risk is a combined measure of how likely a hazard is to do harm and how serious the harm would be."}},"uhs-02-010-020":{"title":"Risk assessment","text":{"p1":"Making your workplace a safer place is about addressing all three of the key elements of health and safety through a process known as <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessment</a>. This involves:","p2":"Identifying and removing as many hazards as possible from your workplace – the fewer hazards, the fewer potential sources of harm.","p3":"Putting in place safeguards to reduce the likelihood of the remaining hazards actually causing harm.","p4":"Taking steps to ensure that if a hazard does cause harm, then there’s a minimal level of injury.","p5":"All sounds pretty simple in theory, doesn’t it? But what about in practice? Well, let’s consider a real-world example now…"}},"uhs-02-010-030":{"title":"Putting it in practice ","intro-text1":{"p1":"Here’s a common sight in towns and cities around the UK: a school next to a busy main road.","p2":"To begin with, have a think about what measures could be taken to improve the safety of pupils who need to cross the road. Try to think of things which would address the hazard itself, the likelihood of it causing harm and the severity of injury should an accident happen. Note down your ideas, then select <strong>Continue</strong> to compare them with ours."},"intro-text2":{"p1":"How did you do? We thought of three main ideas. Select each of the light bulbs to take a look at these. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Idea #1"},"option1-text":{"p1":"The road could be closed to traffic, so that it became pedestrian only. Removing the hazard in this way would be the most effective way of protecting the pupils. However, it might not be a realistic option."},"option2-label":{"text":"Idea #2"},"option2-text":{"p1":"A pedestrian crossing could be built just outside the school. This would substantially reduce the likelihood of an accident."},"option3-label":{"text":"Idea #3"},"option3-text":{"p1":"A very low speed limit could be introduced on the road, backed up by speed cameras. This would slow traffic down, reducing both the likelihood of an accident and the severity of injury should an accident ever happen."}},"uhs-02-010-040":{"title":"Improving safety in a typical workplace","intro-text":{"p1":"So what measures can be taken to improve health and safety in a typical workplace? Here’s the office scene we looked at earlier, with the seven hazards highlighted. Select each of the hazards for some ideas on what could be done to counter them. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Power cable trailing loosely across walkway"},"option1-text":{"p1":"To avoid cables becoming trip hazards, run them around walls or under cable protector strips. This may sound trivial, but remember that slips, trips and falls on the same level are the second most common cause of injuries in the workplace."},"option2-label":{"text":"Paper guillotine with the handle up besides walkway"},"option2-text":{"p1":"Make sure any items with sharp edges are used carefully and stored sensibly. In this case, that simply means storing the guillotine with the blade down."},"option3-label":{"text":"Shelf overloaded with files above person working at desk"},"option3-text":{"p1":"Whenever possible, avoid having high shelves directly above where people work. Never overload shelves with heavy items and check them regularly to make sure they’re stable."},"option4-label":{"text":"Person looking awkwardly at monitor"},"option4-text":{"p1":"If you’re using computers, arrange your workstation so that it’s comfortable for you to view the screen and use the keyboard."},"option5-label":{"text":"Person standing on swivel chair to reach file on high shelf"},"option5-text":{"p1":"If people need to reach up to high shelves, then appropriate equipment – like safety steps with hand rails – should be provided and used."},"option6-label":{"text":"Damaged electrical cable"},"option6-text":{"p1":"All electrical systems should be regularly inspected. If you encounter any equipment or appliances that appear to be damaged, faulty or malfunctioning, you should report them immediately, so that they can be repaired or replaced."},"option7-label":{"text":"Person using spray adhesive"},"option7-text":{"p1":"Look for safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals. Here, for example, using a glue stick – rather than an adhesive spray – would minimise harmful fumes. And when a safer alternative isn’t available, protective measures should be in place – for example, special ventilation systems or face masks."},"final-text":{"p1":"As you can see, improving health and safety isn’t rocket science. In fact, it’s usually just a case of being aware of the hazards around you and taking a few simple measures to counter them. And that, in a nutshell, is <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessment</a>."}},"uhs-02-010-050":{"title":"Your work environment","intro-text":{"p1":"But of course, there’s more than just physical hazards to consider when it comes to creating a healthy working environment. Select each of the factors shown here to find out more. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Space"},"option1-text":{"p1":"You should have enough space to work comfortably and store your work safely. And you can help to make the most of the space available to you by keeping your workspace tidy and free from clutter."},"option2-label":{"text":"Cleanliness"},"option2-text":{"p1":"Your workplace should be regularly cleaned, so that there’s no build up of dust, rubbish and food waste, all of which are potential health hazards."},"option3-label":{"text":"Air quality"},"option3-text":{"p1":"Your workplace should be well-ventilated and the air free from potentially hazardous fumes or dust. In some workplaces <a data-id='local-exhaust-ventilation' class='glossary'>local exhaust ventilation</a> systems may be required, but in a typical office simply opening a window usually does the trick."},"option4-label":{"text":"Noise"},"option4-text":{"p1":"The noise levels in your workplace shouldn’t be excessive. If you’re exposed to uncomfortably loud noises for extended periods, then this can permanently damage your hearing."},"option5-label":{"text":"Light"},"option5-text":{"p1":"Your work area should be adequately lit. If you find that you’re struggling to read things, or have frequent headaches at work, then it may well be because of poor lighting."},"option6-label":{"text":"Temperature"},"option6-text":{"p1":"Your workplace temperature should be comfortable, which for office work typically equates to between 19C and 25C. The guideline minimum temperatures are 13C for strenuous physical work and 16C for non-physical work. Experts recommend that temperatures shouldn't exceed 30C for long periods, particularly when strenuous physical work is being undertaken."}},"uhs-02-010-060":{"title":"Summary","text":{"p1":"In this section, you looked at how you can improve safety and create a healthy working environment.","p2":"As you saw, improving safety involves identifying the hazards in your workplace and taking steps to control them, either by removing them completely, or by reducing the level of risk. This process is known as <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessment</a>.","p3":"In the next section, we’ll go on to look at the legal responsibilities we have as an organisation – and you have as an employee – for protecting people in the workplace. Select <strong>Continue</strong> to move on to the next section now, or <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu."}},"uhs-03":{"title":"Legislation and responsibilities","description":""},"uhs-03-010-010":{"title":"Health & safety legislation","intro-text1":{"p1":"Given the wide variety of hazards that can be found in almost any workplace, it’s not surprising that an increasingly comprehensive range of legislation has been put in place to help protect people’s health and well-being at work."},"intro-text2":{"p1":"The cornerstone of this legislation is the Health & Safety at Work Act, introduced in 1974. While there had been earlier legislation, this was the first to apply to <strong>all</strong> workplaces."},"intro-text3":{"p1":"Over recent years, further legislation has been introduced to cover specific aspects of health and safety in the workplace. Select each of the main pieces of legislation now shown to find out more. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations"},"option1-text":{"p1":"The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations define the rules and procedures for conducting risk assessments at work."},"option2-label":{"text":"Personal Protective Equipment Regulations"},"option2-text":{"p1":"The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations, or PPE for short, cover the provision and use of appropriate protective clothing and equipment at work."},"option3-label":{"text":"Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations"},"option3-text":{"p1":"The Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations define a range of rules aimed at protecting the health and well-being of people who use computers or any other forms of display screen at work."},"option4-label":{"text":"Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations"},"option4-text":{"p1":"The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations, or RIDDOR for short, define the rules and procedures for reporting different types of health and safety incident at work."},"option5-label":{"text":"Control of Noise at Work Regulations"},"option5-text":{"p1":"The Control of Noise at Work Regulations define the steps employers must take to protect people who work in environments where noise levels could pose a threat to their health and wellbeing."},"option6-label":{"text":"Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations"},"option6-text":{"p1":"The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, or COSHH for short, cover the handling and use of potentially dangerous substances at work."},"final-text":{"p1":"We’re not going to be looking at each of these pieces of legislation in great detail in this course. However, you can find out more about them at any time by exploring the web links available in the <strong>Resources</strong> section of the <strong>Toolkit</strong>."}},"uhs-03-010-020":{"title":"Health & safety enforcement","text1":{"p1":"But of course, unless everyone adheres to all the legislation that’s been put in place, then it ultimately amounts to nothing more than words on paper."},"text2":{"p1":"That’s why the Government set up the <a data-id='health-and-safety-executive' class='glossary'>Health & Safety Executive</a>, or HSE for short. HSE Inspectors are responsible for inspecting industrial places of work and local authorities to make sure they’re safe working environments.","p2":"But what about other non-industrial places of work like offices, shops and restaurants? Well, they’re the responsibility of <a data-id='local-authority' class='glossary'>Local Authority</a> Environmental Health Officers, who can inspect them at any time.","p3":"While HSE Inspectors and Environmental Health Officers spend much of their time advising on safety standards and procedures, they also investigate potential offences and can instigate legal proceedings against organisations who break the law or fail to follow their advice."}},"uhs-03-010-030":{"title":"Legal responsibilities","question":{"question":"So under health and safety legislation, who do you think is legally responsible for protecting people’s health and well-being at work?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select <strong>Confirm</strong>.","option1":"All employers","option2":"All employees","option3":"Both employers and employees"},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Yes, that’s right. Under the legislation, both employers and employees have legal responsibilities for health and safety at work. Let’s look at these now, starting with our responsibilities as an employer…","p2":"Actually, under the legislation, both employers and employees have legal responsibilities for health and safety at work. Let’s look at these now, starting with our responsibilities as an employer…"}},"uhs-03-010-040":{"title":"Our responsibilities","intro-text":{"p1":"Health and safety legislation places a number of responsibilities on us as an employer. Select each of the cards shown here to find out more. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Health & Safety Policy"},"option1-text":{"p1":"We’re legally obliged to produce a written statement of Health & Safety Policy, and we must ensure that this is available in the workplace."},"option2-label":{"text":"Risk Assessments"},"option2-text":{"p1":"We must conduct thorough <a data-id='risk-assessment' class='glossary'>risk assessments</a> in all our workplaces to identify <a data-id='hazard' class='glossary'>hazards</a> and measure their level of <a data-id='risk' class='glossary'>risk</a>."},"option3-label":{"text":"Safe Systems of Work"},"option3-text":{"p1":"We must define “safe systems of work” for our employees. In other words, processes and procedures for undertaking work that are “so far as is <a data-id='reasonably-practicable' class='glossary'>reasonably practicable</a>, safe and without risks to health”."},"option4-label":{"text":"Instructions & Training"},"option4-text":{"p1":"We must give our employees appropriate instructions on the “safe systems of work”. This could mean providing one-to-one training, classroom courses or written procedures. Sometimes, people may need to pass tests in order to carry out particular jobs."},"option5-label":{"text":"Required Resources"},"option5-text":{"p1":"We must provide our employees with any resources required to enable them to undertake their work safely. Such resources might include equipment, tools, or protective clothing like goggles and gloves."},"option6-label":{"text":"First Aid"},"option6-text":{"p1":"We must assess first aid needs in each workplace and provide adequate equipment, facilities and personnel to help ensure that anyone who is injured or taken ill can be given immediate care. In all our workplaces, there are suitably-stocked first aid boxes along with trained <a data-id='first-aider' class='glossary'>First Aiders</a> or <a data-id='appointed-person' class='glossary'>Appointed Persons</a> who can take control in the event of an accident."},"option7-label":{"text":"Records & Reports"},"option7-text":{"p1":"We must keep records and make reports of all accidents and injuries that happen at work. Where special health hazards are involved, we must report any occurrence of the related diseases."}},"uhs-03-010-050":{"title":"Your responsibilities","question":{"question":"As an employee, you also have legal responsibilities for health and safety at work. What do you think are some of your main responsibilities?","instruction":"Select your answers, then select <strong>Confirm</strong> to see how you did.","option1":"You are responsible for taking reasonable care to avoid injuring yourself or others.","option2":"You are responsible for identifying what equipment you need in order to carry out your job safely.","option3":"You are responsible for ensuring that your colleagues know about, and follow, safe working practices.","option4":"You are responsible for complying with health and safety measures introduced by us.","option5":"You are responsible for reporting any accidents or near misses that you witness."},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Yes, that’s right, well done. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback.","p2":"Not quite. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback.","p3":"Not really. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback."},"final-text":{"p1":"You must take reasonable care to avoid injuring yourself and others. In practice, this simply means behaving sensibly and responsibly at work.","p2":"You must comply with all the health and safety policies, procedures and measures that we’ve introduced. That means following the <a data-id='safe-system-of-work' class='glossary'>safe systems of work</a> we’ve defined and making use of the resources that we’ve put in place to protect the health and well-being of you and your colleagues.","p3":"Last, but not least, you need to report any accidents or near misses that you witness. It’s important to do this, so that we know what has happened and can take steps to avoid any further incidents in the future.","p4":"While both of the other items on this list are important, they’re actually legal responsibilities that we have as your employer."}},"uhs-03-010-060":{"title":"Who’s responsible when?","question":{"question":"So based on what you’ve just seen, who would you say is legally responsible for each of the following health and safety incidents?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select <strong>Confirm</strong> to see how you did.","option1":"As a joke, Bob pulled the chair out from under Jake, who fell and injured his back.","option2":"On her first day in her new job, Mary burnt her hand on a pipe she didn’t know was hot.","option3":"Sandeep hurt his eye when drilling – he’d been told to wear the goggles provided, but had removed them to see more clearly what he was doing.","option4":"Philip was overwhelmed by fumes from a varnish he used at work. He knew he should have worn a face mask, but there were none in stock.","option5":"Janine didn’t know the toilet floors were wet, and slipped awkwardly, breaking her arm.","choiceLabels":"Employer,Employee,Both"},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Yes, that’s right, well done. Select <strong>Continue</strong> for further feedback.","p2":"Not quite. Select <strong>Continue</strong> to run through the correct answers.","p3":"Not really. Select <strong>Continue</strong> to run through the correct answers."},"final-text":{"p1":"Many accidents are the result of practical jokes going wrong. In this case, Bob’s clearly to blame as he’s behaved irresponsibly.","p2":"Here, the employer is responsible for Mary’s injury: ideally, the pipe should have been covered in some way. And if this wasn’t possible, there should at least have been warning signs on it.","p3":"Sandeep was provided with goggles, but had decided to remove them. He’s therefore responsible for what happened.","p4":"Both Philip and his employer are responsible for this incident. On the one hand, Philip’s employer should have ensured that face masks were available at all times. On the other, Philip shouldn’t have attempted to undertake a potentially hazardous procedure without the correct protective equipment. He should have reported the matter to his line manager instead.","p5":"Finally, Janine’s employer is responsible for her accident. Signs should have been put up warning people that the floor was wet and slippery."}},"uhs-03-010-070":{"title":"People with specific responsibilities","intro-text":{"p1":"In addition to the general responsibilities of employers and employees, certain individuals have specific roles to play in health and safety.","p2":"Here are some of the people with specific health and safety roles. Select each of them to take a look at their main responsibilities. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Health & Safety Representatives"},"option1-text":{"p1":"Here’s an overview of the role and responsibilities of Health & Safety Representatives:"},"health-and-safety-representatives-text":{"p1":"Health & Safety Representatives can be appointed by a <a data-id='trade-union' class='glossary'>Trade Union</a> or elected by employees. Their role is to:","p1-1":"Represent employees in talks with the employer and other safety agencies.","p1-2":"Investigate complaints, possible hazards and dangerous incidents.","p1-3":"Carry out regular inspections of the workplace.","p1-4":"Take part in the assessment of risks within the workplace."},"option2-label":{"text":"Health & Safety Officers"},"option2-text":{"p1":"Health & Safety Officers are experts in providing advice and guidance on all matters relating to health and safety in the workplace. Here’s an overview of what they do:"},"health-and-safety-officers-text":{"p1":"Health & Safety Officers are typically involved in reviewing new legislation, assessing risks in the workplace and defining the organisation’s health and safety policies and procedures."},"option3-label":{"text":"Line Managers"},"option3-text":{"p1":"<a data-id='line-manager' class='glossary'>Line managers</a> have a number of specific Health & Safety responsibilities, which are summarised here:"},"line-managers-text":{"p1":"Line managers are responsible for:","p1-1":"Assessing the risks within their area of responsibility.","p1-2":"Ensuring appropriate measures are put in place to protect each person.","p1-3":"Ensuring the team receive the information and training they need to do their jobs safely.","p1-4":"Supervising day-to-day work and correcting any unsafe working practices.","p2":"Your line manager should generally be your first point of contact if you have any queries or concerns about health and safety in your workplace."},"option4-label":{"text":"First Aiders/<br/>Appointed Persons"},"option4-text":{"p1":"All workplaces should have trained First Aiders or – in low risk environments – Appointed Persons. Here’s an overview of their role:"},"first-aiders-text":{"p1":"First Aiders and Appointed Persons are in place to take control in the event of an accident. They’re the first person you should contact if someone’s injured at work.","p2":"Because First Aiders typically work in more hazardous environments, they’ve also been trained to provide initial care to victims of accidents. However, they only have limited medical powers: they can’t, for example, administer drugs or medication."},"option5-label":{"text":"Fire Wardens/<br/>Marshals"},"option5-text":{"p1":"These are employees who have special responsibilities in the event of a fire. Here’s an overview what they do:"},"fire-marshals-text":{"p1":"Fire Wardens/Marshals are responsible for:","p1-1":"Helping to ensure everyone evacuates the building safely by directing people to the best route of escape.","p1-2":"Doing a final check to make sure everyone has got out safely.","p2":"Because they are usually the last people out of a burning building, they receive in-depth training on fire safety."}},"uhs-03-010-080":{"title":"What about in your workplace?","text":{"p1":"So who has specific responsibilities for health and safety in your workplace?","p2":"You should find that everyone’s clearly identified on health and safety posters like the one shown here. Familiarise yourself with who does what, so that you can quickly contact the right person should you ever need to. Select <strong>Continue</strong> when you’re ready to move on."}},"uhs-03-010-090":{"title":"Summary","text":{"p1":"In this section, you’ve seen that both we as an employer and you as an employee have legal responsibilities for protecting the health and well-being of people at work.","p2":"The Health & Safety at Work Act of 1974 is the cornerstone of health and safety legislation in the UK, though there are many other regulations covering specific aspects of health and safety. The legislation is enforced by:","p3":"HSE Inspectors, who are responsible for inspecting industrial places of work and local authorities.","p4":"Local Authority Environmental Health Officers, who  are responsible for inspecting non-industrial places of work like offices, shops and restaurants.","p5":"In the next section, we’ll look at the policies and guidelines we’ve put in place to maintain the highest standards of health and safety. Select <strong>Continue</strong> to move on to the next section now, or <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu.","p6":"In the next section, you’ll be able to test your knowledge of what we’ve covered in this course. Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu.","p7":"Select <strong>Home</strong> to return to the course menu."}},"uhs-04":{"title":"Our policies & guidelines","description":""},"uhs-05":{"title":"Test your knowledge","description":""},"uhs-quiz-01-010-010":{"question":{"question":"Which of the following are health and safety incidents?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select <strong>Confirm</strong>.","option1":"Linda fell off a step ladder at work, fracturing her arm","option2":"Dave picked up a heavy cold from a colleague at work","option3":"Steve developed hearing problems due to the noise of the machinery he operated at work","option4":"A spark from an electric heater nearly caused a fire in the stock room","option5":"Jaspal became clinically depressed due to the pressure she was under at work"}},"uhs-quiz-01-010-020":{"question":{"question":"Which of the following are the top two causes of injury at work, together accounting for around 40% of all incidents?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select <strong>Confirm</strong>.","option1":"Contact with moving machinery","option2":"Slips, trips or falls on the same level","option3":"Hit by a moving object or vehicle","option4":"Physical assault","option5":"Handling, lifting or carrying","option6":"Falls from height"}},"uhs-quiz-02-010-010":{"question-header":{"text":"Move each of the terms shown here to the correct definition."},"question-footer":{"text":"Select <strong>Confirm</strong> when you’ve finished."},"drag1":{"label":"Hazard"},"drag2":{"label":"Likelihood"},"drag3":{"label":"Severity"},"target1-label":{"text":"Something that can cause harm"},"target2-label":{"text":"A measure of the probability of something causing harm"},"target3-label":{"text":"A measure of the harm that can be inflicted by something"}},"uhs-quiz-02-010-020":{"question":{"question":"Protecting people’s health and well-being is a process which involves identifying hazards in the workplace and taking steps to control them, either by removing them or by reducing the level of risk posed by them. What is this process known as?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select <strong>Confirm</strong>.","option1":"Hazard management","option2":"Damage limitation","option3":"Risk assessment","option4":"Danger analysis","option5":"Safety awareness"}},"uhs-quiz-02-010-030":{"question-header":{"text":"At work, Mary sits under shelves holding heavy paper files. The shelves aren’t very strong and have started to sag under the weight."},"question-footer":{"text":"Complete the following sentences by moving the correct words to each of them. Select <strong>Confirm</strong> when you’ve finished."},"drag1":{"label":"remove the hazard."},"drag2":{"label":"reduce the likelihood of an accident."},"drag3":{"label":"reduce the likelihood of an accident and the severity of harm."},"target1-label":{"text":"Taking down the shelves and moving the files to a cupboard would…"},"target2-label":{"text":"Strengthening the shelves so they no longer sag would…"},"target3-label":{"text":"Storing lighter objects on the shelves, would…"}},"uhs-quiz-02-010-040":{"statement-text":{"p1":"Your workplace temperature should be comfortable, which for office work typically equates to between <span id='placeholder1'></span> and <span id='placeholder2'/>.","p2":"The guideline minimum temperatures are <span id='placeholder3'/> for strenuous physical work and <span id='placeholder4'/> for non-physical work.","p3":"Experts recommend that temperatures shouldn't exceed <span id='placeholder5'/> for long periods."},"question-header":{"text":"Complete each of the following sentences by filling the gaps with the correct temperatures."},"question-footer":{"text":"Select <strong>Confirm</strong> when you’ve finished."},"drag1":{"label":"13&#8451;"},"drag2":{"label":"16&#8451;"},"drag3":{"label":"19&#8451;"},"drag4":{"label":"25&#8451;"},"drag5":{"label":"30&#8451;"}},"uhs-quiz-03-010-010":{"description-text":{"text":"Introduced in 1974, this has become the cornerstone of health and safety legislation in the UK. While there had been earlier legislation, this was the first to apply to all workplaces."},"question":{"question":"Which piece of health and safety legislation is being described here?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select <strong>Confirm</strong>.","option1":"The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations","option2":"The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations","option3":"The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations","option4":"The Health & Safety at Work Act","option5":"The Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations"}},"uhs-quiz-03-010-020":{"question":{"question":"Who would you say is legally responsible for each of the following health and safety incidents?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select <strong>Confirm</strong> to see how you did.","option1":"Chris took off his helmet during a building site inspection, and cut his head on a beam.","option2":"James injured his eye using a circular saw at work. He knew he should have worn goggles, but couldn’t find any.","option3":"Angela hurt her back when she was asked to carry heavy boxes of files into a storage room.","option4":"Deborah was given spray adhesive to mount some pictures at work, but the fumes made her violently ill.","option5":"Neil cut his hand open when he tried to use a kitchen knife to unscrew the back of a battery-powered clock.","choiceLabels":"Employer,Employee,Both"}}}