WCAG-EM Accessibility Evaluation – Custom Limb-Loss Recovery Web Application

About the Evaluation

Report Creator
Jeffery Aideyan-Ohonba
Evaluation Commissioner
University accessibility evaluation project
Evaluation date
Thu Dec 11 2025

Executive Summary

This evaluation assessed the accessibility of the Custom Limb-Loss Recovery Web Application against WCAG 2.2 Level A and AA using the WCAG-EM methodology, with a specific focus on motor accessibility for users with limb loss. A representative sample of pages was evaluated using automated testing to establish a baseline, followed by detailed manual keyboard-based testing.

Overall, the website demonstrates a good level of accessibility for basic navigation and informational content. The home page and article repository page generally support keyboard-only interaction, logical focus order, visible focus indicators, and adequately sized interactive targets. These aspects reduce physical effort and support users who rely on keyboard or alternative input methods.

However, significant motor accessibility barriers were identified on the individual article page. Several visually interactive components are not reachable or operable using the keyboard, focus order does not consistently follow the visual reading sequence, focus visibility is reduced in some components, and no mechanism is provided to bypass repeated content. These issues increase navigation effort and prevent task completion for users with limb loss.

In summary, while the application partially conforms to WCAG requirements relevant to motor accessibility, improvements are required, particularly for complex interactive components, to ensure consistent, reliable keyboard access across all pages.

Scope of the Evaluation

Website name
Custom Limb-Loss Recovery Web Application
Scope of the website
A representative sample of public-facing web content of the Custom Limb-Loss Recovery Web Application, located at: https://delightful-island-079d50603.2.azurestaticapps.net/ The evaluation includes the following key pages: 1. Home Page 2. Article Repository page 3. Individual Article Page
 These pages contain the core interaction model of the application, navigation, and access to support resources, and therefore represent the functional scope of this evaluation.
WCAG Version
2.2
Conformance target
AA
Accessibility support baseline
The accessibility support baseline for this evaluation is: Browser: Google Chrome (latest version). Operating System: macOS (latest version). Primary interaction mode: Keyboard-only navigation. Inspection and analysis tools: Chrome DevTools for HTML, focus order, and ARIA inspection. This baseline reflects the evaluation context and the motor-impaired interaction scenarios relevant to users with limb loss (e.g., reliance on keyboard navigation, reduced precision pointing).
Additional evaluation requirements
This evaluation includes the following additional requirements: - The evaluation will focus specifically on motor-related WCAG 2.2 Level A and AA Success Criteria, as defined in Appendix A of the dissertation. - The evaluation will be supplemented by a usability-based heuristic review to identify motor-accessibility barriers not captured by WCAG alone. - The WCAG-EM Report Tool will be used as the primary documentation method, with additional screenshots or notes included in appendices.

Detailed Audit Results

Summary

Reported on 29 of 55 WCAG 2.2 AA Success Criteria.

All Results

1 Perceivable

1.1 Text Alternatives
Success Criterion Result Observations
1.1.1: Non-text Content
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.2 Time-based Media
Success Criterion Result Observations
1.2.1: Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.2.2: Captions (Prerecorded)
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.2.3: Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.2.4: Captions (Live)
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.2.5: Audio Description (Prerecorded)
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.3 Adaptable
Success Criterion Result Observations
1.3.1: Info and Relationships
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.3.2: Meaningful Sequence
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.3.3: Sensory Characteristics
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.3.4: Orientation
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.3.5: Identify Input Purpose
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4 Distinguishable
Success Criterion Result Observations
1.4.1: Use of Color
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.2: Audio Control
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.3: Contrast (Minimum)
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.4: Resize text
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.5: Images of Text
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.10: Reflow
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.11: Non-text Contrast
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.12: Text Spacing
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

1.4.13: Content on Hover or Focus
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

2 Operable

2.1 Keyboard Accessible
Success Criterion Result Observations
2.1.1: Keyboard
Entire sample

Result: Failed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Failed

Entire sample

Observations:

While the home page and article repository page are fully operable using keyboard-only input, the individual article page contains multiple interactive components that are not reachable or operable via keyboard, resulting in a failure of this criterion for the sample.

Home Page

All interactive functionality on the home page can be operated using keyboard-only input.

Article Repository page

All core functionality, including browsing, filtering, and navigation, is operable using keyboard-only input.

Individual Article Page

Multiple visually interactive components (toolkit cards, questionnaires, checklists, and game elements) are not reachable or operable using keyboard-only input.

2.1.2: No Keyboard Trap
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Across all sampled pages, keyboard focus can move into and away from interactive components without trapping.

Home Page

Keyboard focus can move into and away from all components without trapping.

Article Repository page

Keyboard focus can move into and away from all interactive components without trapping.

Individual Article Page

Keyboard focus can move into and away from all reachable components without trapping.

2.1.4: Character Key Shortcuts
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages implement single-character keyboard shortcuts.

Home Page

No single-character keyboard shortcuts are implemented on this page.

Article Repository page

No single-character keyboard shortcuts are implemented on this page.

Individual Article Page

No single-character keyboard shortcuts are implemented on this page.

2.2 Enough Time
Success Criterion Result Observations
2.2.1: Timing Adjustable
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No time limits were present on any sampled pages that required user adjustment.

Home Page

No time limits are present that require user adjustment.

Article Repository page

No time limits are present that require user adjustment.

Individual Article Page

No time limits are present that require user adjustment.

2.2.2: Pause, Stop, Hide
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages contain moving, blinking, or auto-updating content requiring user control.

Home Page

No moving, blinking, or auto-updating content is present.

Article Repository page

No moving, blinking, or auto-updating content is present.

Individual Article Page

No moving, blinking, or auto-updating content is present.

2.3 Seizures and Physical Reactions
Success Criterion Result Observations
2.3.1: Three Flashes or Below Threshold
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

2.4 Navigable
Success Criterion Result Observations
2.4.1: Bypass Blocks
Entire sample

Result: Failed

Home Page

Result: Failed

Article Repository page

Result: Failed

Individual Article Page

Result: Failed

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages provide a mechanism to bypass repeated navigation content and move directly to the main content.

Home Page

No mechanism is provided to bypass repeated navigation content and move directly to the main content.

Article Repository page

No mechanism is provided to bypass repeated page content and move directly to the main content.

Individual Article Page

No mechanism is provided to bypass repeated page content and move directly to the main content.

2.4.2: Page Titled
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

All sampled pages have descriptive and meaningful page titles.

Home Page

The page has a descriptive and meaningful title.

Article Repository page

The page has a descriptive and meaningful title.

Individual Article Page

The page has a descriptive and meaningful title.

2.4.3: Focus Order
Entire sample

Result: Failed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Failed

Entire sample

Observations:

The individual article page exhibits keyboard focus order issues where focus skips interactive sections, resulting in a failure for the overall sample.

Home Page

Keyboard focus moves in a logical and predictable order through the page.

Article Repository page

Keyboard focus moves in a logical and predictable order through the page content and controls.

Individual Article Page

Keyboard focus skips multiple interactive sections, resulting in a navigation order that does not follow the visual or logical reading sequence.

2.4.4: Link Purpose (In Context)
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Links across all sampled pages clearly communicate their purpose through visible text or surrounding context.

Home Page

All links clearly communicate their purpose using visible text or surrounding context.

Article Repository page

Links and controls clearly communicate their purpose using visible text and surrounding context.

Individual Article Page

Links clearly communicate their purpose using visible text or surrounding context.

2.4.5: Multiple Ways
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

Sampled pages do not provide multiple navigation methods beyond the primary interface structure.

Home Page

The page does not provide multiple navigation paths beyond the primary interface structure.

Article Repository page

The page does not provide multiple navigation methods beyond the primary interface structure.

Individual Article Page

The page does not provide multiple navigation paths beyond the primary interface structure.

2.4.6: Headings and Labels
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Headings and labels are descriptive and support efficient navigation across all sampled pages.

Home Page

Headings and labels are descriptive and appropriately structured.

Article Repository page

Headings and labels are descriptive and support efficient scanning and navigation.

Individual Article Page

Headings and labels are descriptive and support content scanning.

2.4.7: Focus Visible
Entire sample

Result: Failed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Failed

Entire sample

Observations:

On the individual article page, keyboard focus indicators become difficult to perceive within certain interactive components, resulting in a failure for the overall sample.

Home Page

Keyboard focus is clearly visible on all interactive elements.

Article Repository page

Keyboard focus is clearly visible on all interactive elements.

Individual Article Page

Focus indicators become difficult to perceive within certain interactive components, reducing trackability during keyboard navigation.

2.4.11: Focus Not Obscured (Minimum)
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Focus indicators are not hidden or obscured by other content on any sampled pages.

Home Page

Focus indicators are not hidden or obscured by other content.

Article Repository page

Focus indicators are not hidden or obscured by other interface elements.

Individual Article Page

Focus indicators are not hidden behind other content.

2.5 Input Modalities
Success Criterion Result Observations
2.5.1: Pointer Gestures
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages require complex pointer gestures for interaction.

Home Page

No complex pointer gestures are required for interaction.

Article Repository page

No complex pointer gestures are required to operate page functionality.

Individual Article Page

No complex pointer gestures are required for interaction.

2.5.2: Pointer Cancellation
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No press-and-hold or irreversible pointer actions are present across the sample.

Home Page

No press-and-hold or irreversible pointer actions are present.

Article Repository page

No press-and-hold or irreversible pointer actions are present.

Individual Article Page

No press-and-hold or irreversible pointer actions are present.

2.5.3: Label in Name
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Visible labels for controls match their programmatic names across all sampled pages.

Home Page

Visible labels for controls match their programmatic names.

Article Repository page

Visible labels for interactive controls match their programmatic names.

Individual Article Page

Visible labels match the programmatic names of controls.

2.5.4: Motion Actuation
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages require drag-and-drop interactions for core functionality.

2.5.7: Dragging Movements
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Home Page

No drag-and-drop interactions are required.

Article Repository page

No drag-and-drop interactions are required to use the page.

Individual Article Page

No drag-and-drop actions are required; slider and controls are operable via keyboard.

2.5.8: Target Size (Minimum)
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Interactive targets across the sample meet minimum size requirements and do not require fine motor precision.

Home Page

Interactive targets meet minimum size requirements and are sufficiently spaced.

Article Repository page

Interactive targets meet minimum size requirements and are sufficiently spaced to reduce precision demands.

Individual Article Page

Interactive targets meet minimum size requirements and do not require fine precision.

3 Understandable

3.1 Readable
Success Criterion Result Observations
3.1.1: Language of Page
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

3.1.2: Language of Parts
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

3.2 Predictable
Success Criterion Result Observations
3.2.1: On Focus
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

No unexpected changes in context occur when elements receive focus across all sampled pages.

Home Page

No unexpected context changes occur when elements receive focus.

Article Repository page

No unexpected context changes occur when elements receive focus.

Individual Article Page

No unexpected changes in context occur when elements receive focus.

3.2.2: On Input
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

User input does not trigger unexpected changes in context on any sampled pages.

Home Page

User input does not trigger unexpected changes in context.

Article Repository page

User input does not trigger unexpected changes in context.

Individual Article Page

User input does not trigger unexpected changes in context.

3.2.3: Consistent Navigation
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Navigation mechanisms are presented consistently across the sampled pages.

Home Page

Navigation mechanisms are presented consistently across the site.

Article Repository page

Navigation mechanisms are presented consistently across the site.

Individual Article Page

Navigation mechanisms are presented consistently across the site.

3.2.4: Consistent Identification
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Components with the same functionality are identified consistently throughout the sample.

Home Page

Components with the same functionality are identified consistently.

Article Repository page

Components with the same functionality are identified consistently throughout the page.

Individual Article Page

Components with the same functionality are identified consistently.

3.2.6: Consistent Help
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages provide contextual or task-based help mechanisms.

Home Page

No contextual help mechanisms are provided on this page.

Article Repository page

No contextual or task-based help mechanisms are provided on this page.

Individual Article Page

No contextual or task-based help mechanisms are provided.

3.3 Input Assistance
Success Criterion Result Observations
3.3.1: Error Identification
Entire sample

Result: Cannot tell

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Cannot tell

Entire sample

Observations:

No error conditions were encountered during testing that would allow evaluation of error identification across the sample.

Home Page

No input errors are generated on this page.

Article Repository page

No input errors are generated on this page.

Individual Article Page

No error conditions were encountered during testing that would allow evaluation of error identification.

3.3.2: Labels or Instructions
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Clear labels and instructions are provided wherever user input is required across all sampled pages.

Home Page

Clear labels and instructions are provided where user input is required.

Article Repository page

Clear labels and instructions are provided where user input is required.

Individual Article Page

Clear labels and instructions are provided where user input is required.

3.3.3: Error Suggestion
Entire sample

Result: Cannot tell

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Cannot tell

Entire sample

Observations:

No errors were triggered during testing that would allow assessment of error recovery suggestions.

Home Page

No error recovery scenarios are present.

Article Repository page

No error recovery scenarios are present.

Individual Article Page

No errors were triggered that would allow assessment of error suggestions.

3.3.4: Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No sampled pages involve legal, financial, or data-submission actions requiring error prevention mechanisms.

Home Page

No legal, financial, or data-submission actions occur.

Article Repository page

No legal, financial, or data-submission actions occur.

Individual Article Page

No legal, financial, or data-submission actions occur on this page.

3.3.7: Redundant Entry
Entire sample

Result: Passed

Home Page

Result: Passed

Article Repository page

Result: Passed

Individual Article Page

Result: Passed

Entire sample

Observations:

Users are not required to re-enter the same information across any sampled pages.

Home Page

Users are not required to re-enter information.

Article Repository page

Users are not required to re-enter the same information during interaction.

Individual Article Page

Users are not required to re-enter information.

3.3.8: Accessible Authentication (Minimum)
Entire sample

Result: Not present

Home Page

Result: Not present

Article Repository page

Result: Not present

Individual Article Page

Result: Not present

Entire sample

Observations:

No authentication mechanisms are present on any sampled pages.

Home Page

No authentication mechanisms are present.

Article Repository page

No authentication mechanisms are present.

Individual Article Page

No authentication mechanisms are present.

4 Robust

4.1 Compatible
Success Criterion Result Observations
4.1.2: Name, Role, Value
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

4.1.3: Status Messages
Entire sample

Result: Not checked

Sample of Audited Web Pages

  1. Home Page - https://delightful-island-079d50603.2.azurestaticapps.net/
  2. Article Repository page - https://delightful-island-079d50603.2.azurestaticapps.net/articles
  3. Individual Article Page - https://delightful-island-079d50603.2.azurestaticapps.net/articles/understandingyourownnoodle

Web Technology

HTML,CSS,WAI-ARIA,JavaScript

Recording of Evaluation Specifics

The evaluation focused on Success Criteria relevant to motor accessibility, including keyboard access, focus management, target size, and interaction predictability. Automated findings unrelated to motor impairment (e.g. semantic or screen reader–specific issues) were recorded but not prioritised for manual evaluation in line with the study scope.