National hero Mustafa Kemal, known as Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks," formed the modern nation of Turkey in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the fallen Ottoman Empire.
The nation implemented extensive social, legal, and political reforms under his dictatorial rule. Following a period of one-party government, a trial of multi-party politics resulted in the opposition Democratic Party winning the 1950 election and the peaceful transfer of power.

Every year, Turkey's active political parties fluctuate in size. While several parties are formed over the years, some leave politics for a number of reasons. A few less active political parties are also referred to as "symbolic parties." Additionally, there are political entities referred to as "minor parties" that are active.

Active political parties in Turkiye

Name	Leader	Portrait	TIme in Term
Justice and Development Party	Recep Erdoğan		14th August 2001- 2014 21th May 2021-
Republican People's Party (CHP)	Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu		May 22nd 2010-
People's Democratic Party (HDP)	Pervin Buldan and Mithat Sancar		Pervin Buldan February 11th 2018 Mithat Sancar February 23rd 2020
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP)	Dr. Devlet Bahçeli		July 6th 1997
The Good Party (Iyt Parti>)	Meral Akşener		October 25th 2017
Felicity Party (Saadet Parti)	Temel Karamollaoğlu		October 30th 2016

Periods of unrest and sporadic military coups (1960, 1971, 1980) have shattered democracy, although in each instance, political power was finally returned to citizens. The military once again aided in the overthrow of the then-Islamic-leaning government in 1997, which was labelled a "post-modern coup" in the media. In order to stop Greece from annexing Cyprus, Turkey intervened militarily in 1974. Since then, it has served as the patron state of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognises. .

President Recep Tayyip Erdoan now serves as the head of state. The head of government is the prime minister, who at the moment is Binali Yldrm. Turkish presidents have been directly elected since 2007; the prime minister is chosen by the president. With 550 members directly elected, Turkey's Grand National Assembly, also known as Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi, is a unicameral (one house) legislature. Members of parliament hold office for four years.

In Turkey, the judicial branch of the government is quite convoluted. Included in this are the military courts, the Constitutional Court, the Yargitay or High Court of Appeals, the Council of State (Danistay), and the Sayistay or Court of Accounts. Turkey's government is adamantly secular despite the fact that Muslims make up the vast majority of the population. Since General Mustafa Kemal Ataturk established the Republic of Turkey as a secular state in 1923, the military has historically upheld the non-religious nature of Turkish government.