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							<p>Export controls are basically rules that apply to research with national security implications. If your topic or the materials you are using could affect the security of your country, you may have to take steps to protect your research from unauthorised use.</p>
							<p>Assuming responsibility for national security involves more than following the rules set out in this module. The following activity is designed to help you explore the implications of taking on a project with national security implications. Your task is to help your research team understand what will happen once the project begins.</p>
							
							<instructional-text><p>Put yourself in the position of a team leader who is being presented with questions regarding the prospect of taking on a project with national security implications. Various members of your team have concerns regarding the export controls that might apply if the project goes ahead. Consider each question, and choose what you consider to be the correct answer. Read the feedback before moving on to the next question.</p></instructional-text>
							<instructional-text-accessible><p>In the following activity, put yourself in the position of a team leader who is being presented with questions regarding the prospect of taking on a project with national security implications. Various members of your team have concerns regarding the export controls that might apply if the project goes ahead. Consider each question, and choose what you consider to be the correct answer. Consider our feedback before moving on to the next question.</p></instructional-text-accessible>
							
							<!-- ACTIVITY START -->
							<process restart="true" score="false" variant="mcq" class="remove-accessible">
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									<mcq feedback-btn-label="Feedback">
										<mcq-question>
											<p>The first question comes from a postdoc who has been part of the team for a couple of years:</p>
											<p><em>"I have heard that working on this type of project could isolate our group. I have benefited greatly from the informal lunches we have in our 'creative space'. Postdocs and grad students from other teams drop in on a regular basis. Can these drop-ins continue if we take on this new work?"</em></p>
											<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
										</mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The drop-ins might have to be changed or moved. If your institution is like most universities, there are probably students and staff from countries of concern on your campus.  Research is an international enterprise, and broad collaboration across countries is generally encouraged. However, if you do not know who is dropping in for your informal gatherings, you either have to make sure that all sensitive information and materials are protected, or move the meetings to a more protected area.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The drop-ins might have to be changed or moved. If your institution is like most universities, there are probably students and staff from countries of concern on your campus.  Research is an international enterprise, and broad collaboration across countries is generally encouraged. However, if you do not know who is dropping in for your informal gatherings, you either have to make sure that all sensitive information and materials are protected, or move the meetings to a more protected area.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The drop-ins might have to be changed or moved. If your institution is like most universities, there are probably students and staff from countries of concern on your campus.  Research is an international enterprise, and broad collaboration across countries is generally encouraged. However, if you do not know who is dropping in for your informal gatherings, you either have to make sure that all sensitive information and materials are protected, or move the meetings to a more protected area.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq feedback-btn-label="Feedback">
										<mcq-question>
											<p>The next question comes from a graduate student:</p>
											<p><em>"I am scheduled to give a presentation at our upcoming annual meeting and was planning to talk about an innovative approach we could use in the pending project. If we are funded, will we be prevented from talking about some of the innovative work we are doing? I am about to finish my thesis and this could hinder my ability to get a job."</em></p>
											<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
										</mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Export controls can impose limits on the circumstances in which information and materials can be shared with colleagues. Therefore, research leaders should consider the impact of export controls on the students they are supervising.  Research students should be made aware of any restrictions imposed by export controls before they start working on a project. If the team does take on this new project, the team leader and university have a responsibility to ensure that it does not interfere with the graduate student's ability to get a job.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Export controls can impose limits on the circumstances in which information and materials can be shared with colleagues. Therefore, research leaders should consider the impact of export controls on the students they are supervising.  Research students should be made aware of any restrictions imposed by export controls before they start working on a project. If the team does take on this new project, the team leader and university have a responsibility to ensure that it does not interfere with the graduate student's ability to get a job.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Export controls can impose limits on the circumstances in which information and materials can be shared with colleagues. Therefore, research leaders should consider the impact of export controls on the students they are supervising.  Research students should be made aware of any restrictions imposed by export controls before they start working on a project. If the team does take on this new project, the team leader and university have a responsibility to ensure that it does not interfere with the graduate student's ability to get a job.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq feedback-btn-label="Feedback">
										<mcq-question>
											<p>The next question comes from a research assistant:</p>
											<p><em>"You know that our research projects have recently received a great deal of attention – we're even included on the university's visitor tour. Am I responsible for running a security check on everyone who wants to drop in and take a look around?"</em></p>
											<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
										</mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Everyone on a research team is responsible for ensuring that export control rules are followed.  Procedures for ensuring proper security should be put in place and everyone should be briefed on those procedures. If these procedures include provisions for checking (or confirming) the security status of visitors, then research assistants (and potentially other members of the team) are expected to assume this responsibility. Sometimes, this may involve preventing public tours of certain facilities if the research team are uncomfortable with allowing such access.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Everyone on a research team is responsible for ensuring that export control rules are followed.  Procedures for ensuring proper security should be put in place and everyone should be briefed on those procedures. If these procedures include provisions for checking (or confirming) the security status of visitors, then research assistants (and potentially other members of the team) are expected to assume this responsibility. Sometimes, this may involve preventing public tours of certain facilities if the research team are uncomfortable with allowing such access.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Everyone on a research team is responsible for ensuring that export control rules are followed.  Procedures for ensuring proper security should be put in place and everyone should be briefed on those procedures. If these procedures include provisions for checking (or confirming) the security status of visitors, then research assistants (and potentially other members of the team) are expected to assume this responsibility. Sometimes, this may involve preventing public tours of certain facilities if the research team are uncomfortable with allowing such access.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq feedback-btn-label="Feedback">
										<mcq-question>
											<p>The next question comes from a member of the research staff:</p>
											<p><em>"Sometimes I feel like I am working in a post office, not a research office. We are constantly sending packages to colleagues and collaborators in other countries. Am I responsible for making sure we are not sending anything we shouldn't?"</em></p>
											<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
										</mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>In this case, the primary responsibility should rest with the person sending the package, not the research staff. However, everyone should be aware of any mailing restrictions and raise questions if export control restrictions could apply to a parcel or any other kind of shipment.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>In this case, the primary responsibility should rest with the person sending the package, not the research staff. However, everyone should be aware of any mailing restrictions and raise questions if export control restrictions could apply to a parcel or any other kind of shipment.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>In this case, the primary responsibility should rest with the person sending the package, not the research staff. However, everyone should be aware of any mailing restrictions and raise questions if export control restrictions could apply to a parcel or any other kind of shipment.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq feedback-btn-label="Feedback">
										<mcq-question>
											<p>The final question comes from an undergraduate research assistant:</p>
											<p><em>"My parents were born in a country that is a national security concern – they still have yet to become citizens. I was born in the UK. Will I be able to work on this new project if it is funded?"</em></p>
											<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
										</mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>In cases such as this, checking with your export control office/officer is probably a good idea. Generally speaking, the citizenship of the people working on the project is the determining factor, not the citizenship of their parents, their close friends or even their partner. But there could be exceptions, depending on the type of work and level of security. Getting official advice in cases such as this is always a good idea.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>In cases such as this, checking with your export control office/officer is probably a good idea. Generally speaking, the citizenship of the people working on the project is the determining factor, not the citizenship of their parents, their close friends or even their partner. But there could be exceptions, depending on the type of work and level of security. Getting official advice in cases such as this is always a good idea.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral="">
												<mcq-answer>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>In cases such as this, checking with your export control office/officer is probably a good idea. Generally speaking, the citizenship of the people working on the project is the determining factor, not the citizenship of their parents, their close friends or even their partner. But there could be exceptions, depending on the type of work and level of security. Getting official advice in cases such as this is always a good idea.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
							</process>
							<!-- ACCESSIBLE START -->
							<accessible-block>
								<h4>Question 1 of 5:</h4>
								<p>The first question comes from a postdoc who has been part of the team for a couple of years:</p>
								<p><em>"I have heard that working on this type of project could isolate our group. I have benefited greatly from the informal lunches we have in our "creative space". Postdocs and grad students from other teams drop in on a regular basis. Can these drop-ins continue if we take on this new work?"</em></p>
								<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>The drop-ins might have to be changed or moved. If your institution is like most universities, there are probably students and staff from countries of concern on your campus.  Research is an international enterprise, and broad collaboration across countries is generally encouraged. However, if you do not know who is dropping in for your informal gatherings, you either have to make sure that all sensitive information and materials are protected, or move the meetings to a more protected area.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 2 of 5:</h4>
								<p>The next question comes from a graduate student:</p>
								<p><em>"I am scheduled to give a presentation at our upcoming annual meeting and was planning to talk about an innovative approach we could use in the pending project. If we are funded, will we be prevented from talking about some of the innovative work we are doing? I am about to finish my thesis and this could hinder my ability to get a job."</em></p>
								<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>Export controls can impose limits on the circumstances in which information and materials can be shared with colleagues. Therefore, research leaders should consider the impact of export controls on the students they are supervising. Research students should be made aware of any restrictions imposed by export controls before they start working on a project. If the team does take on this new project, the team leader and university have a responsibility to ensure that it does not interfere with the graduate student's ability to get a job.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 3 of 5:</h4>
								<p>The next question comes from a research assistant:</p>
								<p><em>"You know that our research projects have recently received a great deal of attention – we're even included on the university's visitor tour. Am I responsible for running a security check on everyone who wants to drop in and take a look around?"</em></p>
								<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>Everyone on a research team is responsible for ensuring that export control rules are followed. Procedures for ensuring proper security should be put in place and everyone should be briefed on those procedures. If these procedures include provisions for checking the security status of visitors, then research assistants (and potentially other members of the team) are expected to assume this responsibility.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 4 of 5:</h4>
								<p>The next question comes from a member of the research staff:</p>
								<p><em>"Sometimes I feel like I am working in a post office, not a research office. We are constantly sending packages to colleagues and collaborators in other countries. Am I responsible for making sure we are not sending anything we shouldn't?"</em></p>
								<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>In this case, the primary responsibility should rest with the person sending the package, not the research staff. However, everyone should be aware of any mailing restrictions and raise questions if export control restrictions could apply to a parcel or any other kind of shipment.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 5 of 5:</h4>
								<p>The final question comes from an undergraduate research assistant:</p>
								<p><em>"My parents were born in a country that is a national security concern – they still have yet to become citizens. I was born in the UK. Will I be able to work on this new project if it is funded?"</em></p>
								<p><strong>How would you respond to this question?</strong></p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>Good question, I will have to get advice on this</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>In cases such as this, checking with your export control office/officer is probably a good idea. Generally speaking, the citizenship of the people working on the project is the determining factor, not the citizenship of their parents, their close friends or even their partner. But there could be exceptions, depending on the type of work and level of security. Getting official advice in cases such as this is always a good idea.</p>
							</accessible-block>
							<!-- ACCESSIBLE END -->
							<!-- ACTIVITY END -->

							<h3>Summary</h3>
							
							<p>Export controls can impact your personal life as well as your professional experience as a researcher. If you are working with information and materials with national security implications, you might not be able to casually discuss your research with colleagues and friends. You have to be aware of the national affiliations of colleagues, and might even need to have your computer checked (to make sure it does not contain restricted information or software) before heading off on a personal holiday.</p>
							<p>Some of these restrictions are not unique to export controls (for example, the same care needs to be taken if you work with human participants). In each case, you are working with information and materials that are valuable to others. It is your responsibility to follow the rules and take all the necessary steps, even if this requires you to diverge from your usual practices.</p>
							
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