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								<h3>Codes</h3>

								<p><strong>ALLEA &ndash; All European Academies</strong> (2017) The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Available from: <a href="https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/" target="_blank">https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/</a></p>
								<p><strong>The British Psychological Society</strong> (2018) Code of Ethics and Conduct. Available from: <a href="https://www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-ethics-and-conduct" target="_blank">https://www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-ethics-and-conduct</a></p>
								<p><strong>Economic and Social Research Council</strong> (2020) Research Ethics. Available from: <a href="https://esrc.ukri.org/funding/guidance-for-applicants/research-ethics/" target="_blank">https://esrc.ukri.org/funding/guidance-for-applicants/research-ethics/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Health Research Authority</strong> (2020) UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research. Available from: <a href="https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/policies-standards-legislation/uk-policy-framework-health-social-care-research/" target="_blank">https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/policies-standards-legislation/uk-policy-framework-health-social-care-research/</a></p>
								<p><strong>National Institutes of History</strong> (1949) The Nuremberg Code. Available from: <a href="https://history.nih.gov/research/downloads/nuremberg.pdf" target="_blank">https://history.nih.gov/research/downloads/nuremberg.pdf</a></p>
								<p><strong>Office for Human Research Protections</strong> (1979) The Belmont Report. Available from: <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html</a></p>
								<p><strong>SPIRIT</strong> (2020) SPIRIT Statement. Available from: <a href="https://www.spirit-statement.org/" target="_blank">https://www.spirit-statement.org/</a></p>
								<p><strong>World Medical Association</strong> (1964, 2013) WMA Declaration of Helsinki &ndash; Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Available from: <a href="https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/" target="_blank">https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/</a></p>
								<p><strong>UNESCO</strong> (2005) Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. Available from: <a href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/ethics-science-and-technology/bioethics-and-human-rights" target="_blank">https://en.unesco.org/themes/ethics-science-and-technology/bioethics-and-human-rights</a></p>

								<h3>UK resources</h3>

								<p><strong>Health Research Authority</strong> (n.d.) Approvals and Amendments. Available from: <a href="https://www.hra.nhs.uk/approvals-amendments/" target="_blank">https://www.hra.nhs.uk/approvals-amendments/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Health Research Authority</strong> (2020) Governance Arrangements for Research Ethics Committees. Available from: <a href="https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/policies-standards-legislation/governance-arrangement-research-ethics-committees/" target="_blank">https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/policies-standards-legislation/governance-arrangement-research-ethics-committees/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Health Research Authority</strong> (2020) UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research. Available from: <a href="https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/policies-standards-legislation/uk-policy-framework-health-social-care-research/" target="_blank">https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/policies-standards-legislation/uk-policy-framework-health-social-care-research/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Her Majesty's Prison & Probation Service</strong> (n.d.) Research at HMPPS. Available from: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/her-majestys-prison-and-probation-service/about/research" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/her-majestys-prison-and-probation-service/about/research</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Government</strong> (n.d.) Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee. Available from: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/ministry-of-defence-research-ethics-committees" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/ministry-of-defence-research-ethics-committees</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Research Integrity Office and Association of Research Managers and Administrators</strong> (2020) Research Ethics Support and Review in Research Organisations. Available from: <a href="https://ukrio.org/wp-content/uploads/Research-Ethics-Support-and-Review-in-Research-Organisations-UKRIO-ARMA-2020.pdf" target="_blank">https://ukrio.org/wp-content/uploads/Research-Ethics-Support-and-Review-in-Research-Organisations-UKRIO-ARMA-2020.pdf</a></p>
								<p><strong>Universities UK</strong> (2019) The Concordat to Support Research Integrity. Available from: <a href="https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2019/the-concordat-to-support-research-integrity.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2019/the-concordat-to-support-research-integrity.pdf</a></p>

								<h3>Cases: Modern</h3>

								<p><strong>BBC News</strong> (2019) Facebook 'to be Fined $5bn over Cambridge Analytica Scandal'. Available from: <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-48972327" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-48972327</a> [accessed March 24, 2020].</p>
								<p><strong>BBC News</strong> (2001) Organ Scandal Background. Available from: <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/1136723.stm" target="_blank">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/1136723.stm </a></p>
								<p><strong>Bouri, S., Shun-Shun, M. J., Cole, G. D., Mayet, J. & Francis, D. P.</strong> (2014) Meta-Analysis of Secure Randomised Controlled Trials of Beta-Blockade to Prevent Perioperative Death in Non-Cardiac Surgery. <em>Heart</em>, <strong>100</strong>(6), pp. 456&ndash;464 Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904357" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904357</a></p>
								<p><strong>Epstein, H.</strong> (2013) Lead Poisoning: The Ignored Scandal. <em>New York Review of Books</em>, <strong>60</strong>(5), pp. 30&ndash;32. Available from: <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/21/lead-poisoning-ignored-scandal/" target="_blank">https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/21/lead-poisoning-ignored-scandal/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Garrison, N. A.</strong>  (2013) Genomic Justice for Native Americans: Impact of the Havasupai Case on Genetic Research. <em>Science, Technology, & Human Values</em>, <strong>38</strong>(2), pp. 201&ndash;223. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5310710/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5310710/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Garrison, N. A. & Cho, M. K.</strong> (2013) Awareness and Acceptable Practices: IRB and Researcher Reflections on the Havasupai Lawsuit. <em>AJOB Primary Research</em>, <strong>4</strong>(4), pp. 55&ndash;63. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24089655" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24089655</a></p>
								<p><strong>Husten, L.</strong> (2012) Erasmus Medical Center Releases Final Report On Cardiovascular Research Scandal. <em>Forbes</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2012/10/09/erasmus-medical-center-releases-final-report-on-cardiovascular-research-scandal/#1590f2c928ae" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2012/10/09/erasmus-medical-center-releases-final-report-on-cardiovascular-research-scandal/#1590f2c928ae</a></p>
								<p><strong>Husten, L.</strong> (2014) Medicine Or Mass Murder? Guideline Based on Discredited Research May Have Caused 800,000 Deaths In Europe Over The Last 5 Years. <em>Forbes</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2014/01/15/medicine-or-mass-murder-guideline-based-on-discredited-research-may-have-caused-800000-deaths-in-europe-over-the-last-5-years/#2512cd347ecc" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2014/01/15/medicine-or-mass-murder-guideline-based-on-discredited-research-may-have-caused-800000-deaths-in-europe-over-the-last-5-years/#2512cd347ecc</a></p>
								<p><strong>Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D. & Graepel, T.</strong> (2013) Private Traits and Attributes are Predictable from Digital Records of Human Behavior. <em>PNAS</em>, <strong>110</strong>(15), pp. 5802&ndash;5805. Available from: <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/110/15/5802" target="_blank">https://www.pnas.org/content/110/15/5802</a></p>
								<p><strong>Kramer, A. D., Guillory, J. E. & Hancock, J. T.</strong> (2014) Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion through Social Networks. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</em>, <strong>111</strong>(24), pp. 8788&ndash;8790. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24889601" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24889601</a></p>
								<p><strong>Lewin, T.</strong> (2001) U.S. Investigating Johns Hopkins Study of Lead Paint Hazard. <em>The New York Times</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/24/us/us-investigating-johns-hopkins-study-of-lead-paint-hazard.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/24/us/us-investigating-johns-hopkins-study-of-lead-paint-hazard.html</a></p>
								<p><strong>Marcus, A.</strong> (2014) Critics of Poldermans' Work Baffled by NEJM Stance on DECREASE Papers. <em>Retraction Watch</em>. Available from: <a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2014/09/29/critics-of-poldermans-work-baffled-by-nejm-stance-on-decrease-papers/" target="_blank">http://retractionwatch.com/2014/09/29/critics-of-poldermans-work-baffled-by-nejm-stance-on-decrease-papers/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Markowitz, G. E. & Rosner, D.</strong> (2013) <em>Lead Wars: The Politics of Science and the Fate of America's Children</em>. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.</p>
								<p><strong>Oransky, I.</strong> (2014) Rapid Mood Swing: PNAS Issues Expression of Concern for Controversial Facebook Study. <em>Retraction Watch</em>. Available from: <a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2014/07/03/rapid-mood-swing-pnas-issues-expression-of-concern-for-controversial-facebook-study/" target="_blank">http://retractionwatch.com/2014/07/03/rapid-mood-swing-pnas-issues-expression-of-concern-for-controversial-facebook-study/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Pollak, J.</strong> (2002) The Lead-Based Paint Abatement Repair and Maintenance Study in Baltimore: Historic Framework and Study Design. <em>Journal of Health Care Law and Policy</em>, <strong>6</strong>(1), pp. 89&ndash;108. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15017953" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15017953</a></p>
								<p><strong>Verma, I. M.</strong> (2014) Editorial Expression of Concern: Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion through Social Networks. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</em>, <strong>111</strong>(29), p. 10779. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994898" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994898</a></p>
								
								<h3>Cases: Historical</h3>
								
								<p><strong>Chadwick, G. L.</strong> (1997) Historical Perspective: Nuremberg, Tuskegee, and the Radiation Experiments. <em>Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care</em>, <strong>3</strong>(1) (Jan), pp. 27&ndash;8. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11363960" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11363960</a></p>
								<p><strong>Levine, R. S., Williams, J. C., Kilbourne, B. A. & Juarez, P. D.</strong> (2012) Tuskegee Redux: Evolution of Legal Mandates for Human Experimentation. <em>Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved</em>, <strong>23</strong>(4) (Nov), pp. 104&ndash;25. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124504" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124504</a></p>
								<p><strong>Park, J.</strong> (2017) Historical Origins of the Tuskegee Experiment: The Dilemma of Public Health in the United States. <em>Korean Journal of Medical History</em>, <strong>26</strong>(3) (Dec), pp. 545&ndash;78. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29311536" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29311536</a></p>
								<p><strong>Schmidt, T. A.</strong> (2003) The Legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments for Emergency Exception from Informed Consent. <em>Annals of Emergency Medicine</em>, <strong>41</strong>(1) (Jan), pp. 79&ndash;81. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12514686" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12514686</a></p>

								<h3>General</h3>

								<p><strong>Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Group</strong> (2008) CONSORT Statement. Available from: <a href="http://www.consort-statement.org/" target="_blank">http://www.consort-statement.org/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Kolstoe, S. E. & Carpenter, D.</strong> (2019) Research Approvals Iceberg: Helping it Melt Away. <em>BMC Medical Ethics</em>, <strong>20</strong>(100). Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31870445" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31870445</a></p>
								<p><strong>Petrova, M. & Barclay, S.</strong> (2019) Research Approvals Iceberg: How a 'Low-Key' Study in England Needed 89 Professionals to Approve it and How we can do Better. <em>BMC Medical Ethics</em>, <strong>20</strong>(7). Available from: <a href="https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-018-0339-5" target="_blank">https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-018-0339-5</a></p>
								<p><strong>Washington, H. A.</strong> (2012) Too Many Given No Right to Refuse in Medical Trials. <em>New Scientist</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21328480-200-too-many-given-no-right-to-refuse-in-medical-trials/" target="_blank">https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21328480-200-too-many-given-no-right-to-refuse-in-medical-trials/</a></p>

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