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								<pod-heading>Module evaluation</pod-heading> <!-- pod title -->
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								<pod-modal-heading>Module evaluation (optional)</pod-modal-heading>
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									<p><a href="https://www.epigeum.com/downloads/hosted_content/RI_INT/survey/ri_uk_supp_survey.html" target="_blank">Click here</a> to help develop and improve this course by providing some brief feedback (anonymously, of course). Please note that completing this survey is entirely optional. However, your input would be very welcome.</p>
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							<p>Researchers who conduct research involving human participants have the same basic responsibilities as all researchers. They should:</p>
							
							<ul>
								<li>Properly plan their project</li>
								<li>Have all the necessary approvals and permissions in place before undertaking any research</li>
								<li>Follow best practices for conducting, interpreting and publishing their research</li>
								<li>Be aware of and meet their responsibilities to their professional colleagues and the public.</li>
							</ul>
							
							<p>When problems arise in research involving human participants, they often stem from a failure to meet one of these responsibilities. However, problems can also arise from conflicting views of responsibility.</p>
							<p>Researchers and research participants do not necessarily view responsibility in the same way. This closing activity encourages you to think about the ways in which your participants might view your research differently.</p>
							
							<instructional-text><p>Consider each of the questions presented from the perspective of a person enrolled to participate in a research project. Select the response that best reflects your opinion, and read the feedback before moving on to the next question.</p></instructional-text>
							<instructional-text-accessible><p>Consider each of the questions presented from the perspective of a person enrolled to participate in a research project. Choose the response that best reflects your opinion, and proceed to the feedback before moving on to the next question.</p></instructional-text-accessible>

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							<!-- ACTIVITY START -->
							<process restart="true" score="false" variant="mcq" class="hide-in-mobile" show-in-accessible-version="false">
								<process-page>
									<mcq>
										<mcq-question><p>If you were to become involved in an experiment with human participants, would you want to be asked for consent first?</p></mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback>
													<p>While "yes" seems like an obvious answer to this question, a significant amount of research on humans can be conducted without consent. For instance, tissue and blood taken during medical treatment might be exempt under certain circumstances (Health Research Authority, 2019), while information about you in public databases, or regarding your public movements and behaviours, may also be studied without explicit consent subject to certain safeguards spelled out in data protection legislation.</p>
													<p>However, one important principle to bear in mind is the consideration of whether <strong>you</strong> would want to be treated in the way you plan to treat participants in your study. Just because something is legal does not make it acceptable, and it is almost always helpful to seek continuing input from patient or participant groups as you plan and carry out your research.</p>
												</mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback>
													<p>While "yes" seems like an obvious answer to this question, a significant amount of research on humans can be conducted without consent. For instance, tissue and blood taken during medical treatment might be exempt under certain circumstances (Health Research Authority, 2019), while information about you in public databases, or regarding your public movements and behaviours, may also be studied without explicit consent subject to certain safeguards spelled out in data protection legislation.</p>
													<p>However, one important principle to bear in mind is the consideration of whether <strong>you</strong> would want to be treated in the way you plan to treat participants in your study. Just because something is legal does not make it acceptable, and it is almost always helpful to seek continuing input from patient or participant groups as you plan and carry out your research.</p>
												</mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>I am not certain</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback>
													<p>While "yes" seems like an obvious answer to this question, a significant amount of research on humans can be conducted without consent. For instance, tissue and blood taken during medical treatment might be exempt under certain circumstances (Health Research Authority, 2019), while information about you in public databases, or regarding your public movements and behaviours, may also be studied without explicit consent subject to certain safeguards spelled out in data protection legislation.</p>
													<p>However, one important principle to bear in mind is the consideration of whether <strong>you</strong> would want to be treated in the way you plan to treat participants in your study. Just because something is legal does not make it acceptable, and it is almost always helpful to seek continuing input from patient or participant groups as you plan and carry out your research.</p>
												</mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq>
										<mcq-question><p>When you are asked to participate in a study, should you be able to understand the purpose of the study and what your participation involves?</p></mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Of course, all participants should have a suitably informed understanding of any project in which they agree to participate. The fact remains, however, that unreadable or overly complex information sheets or consent forms are a major problem. Technical terms are often not translated into common language, and risks are frequently described in terms that the average person could not understand. The end result of this is that research participants may not be suitably informed because the information has not been presented in a way that they can understand.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Of course, all participants should have a suitably informed understanding of any project in which they agree to participate. The fact remains, however, that unreadable or overly complex information sheets or consent forms are a major problem. Technical terms are often not translated into common language, and risks are frequently described in terms that the average person could not understand. The end result of this is that research participants may not be suitably informed because the information has not been presented in a way that they can understand.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>I am not certain</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Of course, all participants should have a suitably informed understanding of any project in which they agree to participate. The fact remains, however, that unreadable or overly complex information sheets or consent forms are a major problem. Technical terms are often not translated into common language, and risks are frequently described in terms that the average person could not understand. The end result of this is that research participants may not be suitably informed because the information has not been presented in a way that they can understand.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq>
										<mcq-question><p>What reading level is required to understand the feedback text from the last question?</p></mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>University level (age 18 plus)</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The feedback text to the last question is university level (ages 18 plus), and is considered difficult to read, achieving a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 13.2. The recommended reading level for participant information and consent forms is generally age 11 or below (Ennis and Wykes, 2018), but this is a recommendation that is frequently ignored. You should take care to pay attention to reading level and comprehension when you draft your participant-facing documents. Something that you find easy to understand might be too difficult for the participants in your study to grasp. For links to various resources that can help you ensure your documents are pitched at the right level, see the "Useful links" pod.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>College level (ages 16 to 18)</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The feedback text to the last question is university level (ages 18 plus), and is considered difficult to read, achieving a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 13.2. The recommended reading level for participant information and consent forms is generally age 11 or below (Ennis and Wykes, 2018), but this is a recommendation that is frequently ignored. You should take care to pay attention to reading level and comprehension when you draft your participant-facing documents. Something that you find easy to understand might be too difficult for the participants in your study to grasp. For links to various resources that can help you ensure your documents are pitched at the right level, see the "Useful links" pod.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Secondary school level (ages 11 to 16)</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The feedback text to the last question is university level (ages 18 plus), and is considered difficult to read, achieving a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 13.2. The recommended reading level for participant information and consent forms is generally age 11 or below (Ennis and Wykes, 2018), but this is a recommendation that is frequently ignored. You should take care to pay attention to reading level and comprehension when you draft your participant-facing documents. Something that you find easy to understand might be too difficult for the participants in your study to grasp. For links to various resources that can help you ensure your documents are pitched at the right level, see the "Useful links" pod.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Primary school level (ages 11 and below)</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>The feedback text to the last question is university level (ages 18 plus), and is considered difficult to read, achieving a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 13.2. The recommended reading level for participant information and consent forms is generally age 11 or below (Ennis and Wykes, 2018), but this is a recommendation that is frequently ignored. You should take care to pay attention to reading level and comprehension when you draft your participant-facing documents. Something that you find easy to understand might be too difficult for the participants in your study to grasp. For links to various resources that can help you ensure your documents are pitched at the right level, see the "Useful links" pod.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq>
										<mcq-question><p>Assuming you agreed to participate in the project and feel confident that you understand its purpose, would you expect to benefit from it?</p></mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Generally, and for reasons of equipoise (see above), research is not designed for participants to benefit from participation. Particularly when researchers and research institutions are struggling to recruit participants, this is often not made clear. While recruiting researchers can sometimes inadvertently emphasise those who might benefit from the study, not the average research participant (who will likely be randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group). This problem has a tendency to occur if clinicians are recruiting for studies where it is called the 'therapeutic misconception'. You should make sure participants understand that most research involving human participants is designed to help populations as a whole, not individual participants/patients.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Generally, and for reasons of equipoise (see above), research is not designed for participants to benefit from participation. Particularly when researchers and research institutions are struggling to recruit participants, this is often not made clear. While recruiting researchers can sometimes inadvertently emphasise those who might benefit from the study, not the average research participant (who will likely be randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group). This problem has a tendency to occur if clinicians are recruiting for studies where it is called the 'therapeutic misconception'. You should make sure participants understand that most research involving human participants is designed to help populations as a whole, not individual participants/patients.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>I am not certain</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Generally, and for reasons of equipoise (see above), research is not designed for participants to benefit from participation. Particularly when researchers and research institutions are struggling to recruit participants, this is often not made clear. While recruiting researchers can sometimes inadvertently emphasise those who might benefit from the study, not the average research participant (who will likely be randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group). This problem has a tendency to occur if clinicians are recruiting for studies where it is called the 'therapeutic misconception'. You should make sure participants understand that most research involving human participants is designed to help populations as a whole, not individual participants/patients.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq>
										<mcq-question><p>If you agree to participate in an experiment, you will generally be compensated for your travel and time. Would you also want to be compensated for taking risks, and be paid in proportion to the level of risk you agree to take on?</p></mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Providing compensation proportional to the level of burden is generally encouraged, but care should be taken that vulnerable people are not being paid to take undue risks. Excessive payment places the burden of risk disproportionately on those who are struggling financially, or individuals who cannot (generally speaking) access new medicine and treatments. Here, RECs can be very useful in helping you determine what appropriate levels of compensation or payment might be.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Providing compensation proportional to the level of burden is generally encouraged, but care should be taken that vulnerable people are not being paid to take undue risks. Excessive payment places the burden of risk disproportionately on those who are struggling financially, or individuals who cannot (generally speaking) access new medicine and treatments. Here, RECs can be very useful in helping you determine what appropriate levels of compensation or payment might be.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>I am not certain</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback><p>Providing compensation proportional to the level of burden is generally encouraged, but care should be taken that vulnerable people are not being paid to take undue risks. Excessive payment places the burden of risk disproportionately on those who are struggling financially, or individuals who cannot (generally speaking) access new medicine and treatments. Here, RECs can be very useful in helping you determine what appropriate levels of compensation or payment might be.</p></mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<mcq>
										<mcq-question><p>Having received reasonable compensation/payment and participated in the research, would you like to know what the researchers discovered based on your participation (and the participation of others) in the study?</p></mcq-question>
										<mcq-options>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>Yes</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback>
													<p>When human participants studies lead to significant findings, researchers are, of course, anxious to publish their results. However, they sometimes fail to take the time necessary to convey those results in a way that participants can understand or access. Moreover, when the results are inconclusive or negative, they are frequently not published at all.</p>
													<p>Participation in experiments represents a donation of time, materials, information and confidence. Your work may specifically benefit your research participants, but regardless of whether it does, you owe them something in return for their participation. Before you move on to your next project, do not forget that one important responsibility you have to address when ending an experiment or study is to share the results with your participants (even if the study ultimately failed to accomplish what you set out to achieve).</p>
												</mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>No</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback>
													<p>When human participants studies lead to significant findings, researchers are, of course, anxious to publish their results. However, they sometimes fail to take the time necessary to convey those results in a way that participants can understand or access. Moreover, when the results are inconclusive or negative, they are frequently not published at all.</p>
													<p>Participation in experiments represents a donation of time, materials, information and confidence. Your work may specifically benefit your research participants, but regardless of whether it does, you owe them something in return for their participation. Before you move on to your next project, do not forget that one important responsibility you have to address when ending an experiment or study is to share the results with your participants (even if the study ultimately failed to accomplish what you set out to achieve).</p>
												</mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
											<mcq-option neutral>
												<mcq-answer>I am not certain</mcq-answer>
												<mcq-feedback>
													<p>When human participants studies lead to significant findings, researchers are, of course, anxious to publish their results. However, they sometimes fail to take the time necessary to convey those results in a way that participants can understand or access. Moreover, when the results are inconclusive or negative, they are frequently not published at all.</p>
													<p>Participation in experiments represents a donation of time, materials, information and confidence. Your work may specifically benefit your research participants, but regardless of whether it does, you owe them something in return for their participation. Before you move on to your next project, do not forget that one important responsibility you have to address when ending an experiment or study is to share the results with your participants (even if the study ultimately failed to accomplish what you set out to achieve).</p>
												</mcq-feedback>
											</mcq-option>
										</mcq-options>
									</mcq>
								</process-page>
							</process>
							<!-- MOBILE ACTIVITY -->
							<div class="show-in-mobile">
								<h3>Question 1 of 6:</h3>
								<p>
								If you were to become involved in an experiment with human participants, would you want to be asked for consent first?
								</p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
									<li>There are no correct answers.</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>
									While "yes" seems like an obvious answer to this question, a significant amount of research on humans can be conducted without consent. For instance, tissue and blood taken during medical treatment might be exempt under certain circumstances (Health Research Authority, 2019), while information about you in public databases, or regarding your public movements and behaviours, may also be studied without explicit consent subject to certain safeguards spelled out in data protection legislation.
								</p>
								<p>
									However, one important principle to bear in mind is the consideration of whether <strong>you</strong> would want to be treated in the way you plan to treat participants in your study. Just because something is legal does not make it acceptable, and it is almost always helpful to seek continuing input from patient or participant groups as you plan and carry out your research.
								</p>
								<hr>
								<h3>Question 2 of 6:</h3>
								<p>
								When you are asked to participate in a study, should you be able to understand the purpose of the study and what your participation involves?
								</p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
									<li>There are no correct answers.</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>
									Of course, all participants should have a suitably informed understanding of any project in which they agree to participate. The fact remains, however, that unreadable or overly complex information sheets or consent forms are a major problem. Technical terms are often not translated into common language, and risks are frequently described in terms that the average person could not understand. The end result of this is that research participants may not be suitably informed because the information has not been presented in a way that they can understand.
								</p>
								<hr>
								<h3>Question 3 of 6:</h3>
								<p>
								What reading level is required to understand the feedback text from the last question?
								</p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>University level (age 18 plus)</li>
									<li>College level (ages 16 to 18)</li>
									<li>Secondary school level (ages 11 to 16)</li>
									<li>Primary school level (ages 11 and below)</li>
									<li>There are no correct answers.</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>
									The feedback text to the last question is university level (ages 18 plus), and is considered difficult to read, achieving a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 13.2. The recommended reading level for participant information and consent forms is generally age 11 or below (Ennis and Wykes, 2018), but this is a recommendation that is frequently ignored. You should take care to pay attention to reading level and comprehension when you draft your participant-facing documents. Something that you find easy to understand might be too difficult for the participants in your study to grasp. For links to various resources that can help you ensure your documents are pitched at the right level, see the "Useful links" pod.
								</p>
								<hr>
								<h3>Question 4 of 6:</h3>
								<p>
								Assuming you agreed to participate in the project and feel confident that you understand its purpose, would you expect to benefit from it?
								</p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
									<li>There are no correct answers.</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>
									Generally, and for reasons of equipoise (see above), research is not designed for participants to benefit from participation. Particularly when researchers and research institutions are struggling to recruit participants, this is often not made clear. While recruiting researchers can sometimes inadvertently emphasise those who might benefit from the study, not the average research participant (who will likely be randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group). This problem has a tendency to occur if clinicians are recruiting for studies where it is called the 'therapeutic misconception'. You should make sure participants understand that most research involving human participants is designed to help populations as a whole, not individual participants/patients.
								</p>
								<hr>
								<h3>Question 5 of 6:</h3>
								<p>
								If you agree to participate in an experiment, you will generally be compensated for your travel and time. Would you also want to be compensated for taking risks, and be paid in proportion to the level of risk you agree to take on?
								</p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
									<li>There are no correct answers.</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>
									Providing compensation proportional to the level of burden is generally encouraged, but care should be taken that vulnerable people are not being paid to take undue risks. Excessive payment places the burden of risk disproportionately on those who are struggling financially, or individuals who cannot (generally speaking) access new medicine and treatments. Here, RECs can be very useful in helping you determine what appropriate levels of compensation or payment might be.
								</p>
								<h3>Question 6 of 6:</h3>
								<p>
								Having received reasonable compensation/payment and participated in the research, would you like to know what the researchers discovered based on your participation (and the participation of others) in the study?
								</p>
								<h4>Answer options:</h4>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
									<li>There are no correct answers.</li>
								</ul>
								<h4>Feedback:</h4>
								<p>
									When human participants studies lead to significant findings, researchers are, of course, anxious to publish their results. However, they sometimes fail to take the time necessary to convey those results in a way that participants can understand or access. Moreover, when the results are inconclusive or negative, they are frequently not published at all.
								</p>
								<p>
									Participation in experiments represents a donation of time, materials, information and confidence. Your work may specifically benefit your research participants, but regardless of whether it does, you owe them something in return for their participation. Before you move on to your next project, do not forget that one important responsibility you have to address when ending an experiment or study is to share the results with your participants (even if the study ultimately failed to accomplish what you set out to achieve).
								</p>
							</div>
							<!-- MOBILE ACTIVITY END -->
							<!-- ACCESSIBLE START -->
							<accessible-block>
								<h4>Question 1 of 6:</h4>
								<p>If you were to become involved in an experiment with human participants, would you want to be asked for consent first?</p>
								<p><strong>Answer options:</strong></p>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
								</ul>
								<p><strong>Feedback:</strong></p>
								<p>While "yes" seems like an obvious answer to this question, a significant amount of research on humans can be conducted without consent. For instance, tissue and blood taken during medical treatment might be exempt under certain circumstances (Health Research Authority, 2019), while information about you in public databases, or regarding your public movements and behaviours, may also be studied without explicit consent subject to certain safeguards spelled out in data protection legislation.</p>
								<p>However, one important principle to bear in mind is the consideration of whether you would want to be treated in the way you plan to treat participants in your study. Just because something is legal does not make it acceptable, and it is almost always helpful to seek continuing input from patient or participant groups as you plan and carry out your research.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 2 of 6:</h4>
								<p>When you are asked to participate in a study, should you be able to understand the purpose of the study and what your participation involves?</p>
								<p><strong>Answer options:</strong></p>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
								</ul>
								<p><strong>Feedback:</strong></p>
								<p>Of course, all participants should have a suitably informed understanding of any project in which they agree to participate. The fact remains, however, that unreadable or overly complex information sheets or consent forms are a major problem. Technical terms are often not translated into common language, and risks are frequently described in terms that the average person could not understand. The end result of this is that research participants may not be suitably informed because the information has not been presented in a way that they can understand.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 3 of 6:</h4>
								<p>What reading level is required to understand the feedback text from the last question?</p>
								<p><strong>Answer options:</strong></p>
								<ul>
									<li>University level (age 18 plus)</li>
									<li>College level (ages 16 to 18)</li>
									<li>Secondary school level (ages 11 to 16)</li>
									<li>Primary school level (ages 11 and below)</li>
								</ul>
								<p><strong>Feedback:</strong></p>
								<p>The feedback text to the last question is university level (ages 18 plus), and is considered difficult to read, achieving a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 13.2. The recommended reading level for participant information and consent forms is generally age 11 or below (Ennis and Wykes, 2018), but this is a recommendation that is frequently ignored. You should take care to pay attention to reading level and comprehension when you draft your participant-facing documents. Something that you find easy to understand might be too difficult for the participants in your study to grasp. For links to various resources that can help you ensure your documents are pitched at the right level, see the "Useful links" pod.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 4 of 6:</h4>
								<p>Assuming you agreed to participate in the project and feel confident that you understand its purpose, would you expect to benefit from it?</p>
								<p><strong>Answer options:</strong></p>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
								</ul>
								<p><strong>Feedback:</strong></p>
								<p>Generally, and for reasons of equipoise, research is not designed for participants to benefit from participation. Particularly when researchers and research institutions are struggling to recruit participants, this is often not made clear. While recruiting, researchers can sometimes inadvertently emphasise those who might benefit from the study, not the average research participant (who will likely be randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group). This problem has a tendency to occur if clinicians are recruiting for studies where it is called the 'therapeutic misconception'. You should make sure participants understand that most research involving human participants is designed to help populations as a whole, not individual participants/patients.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 5 of 6:</h4>
								<p>If you agree to participate in an experiment, you will generally be compensated for your travel and time. Would you also want to be compensated for taking risks, and be paid in proportion to the level of risk you agree to take on?</p>
								<p><strong>Answer options:</strong></p>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
								</ul>
								<p><strong>Feedback:</strong></p>
								<p>Providing compensation proportional to the level of burden is generally encouraged, but care should be taken that vulnerable people are not being paid to take undue risks. Excessive payment places the burden of risk disproportionately on those who are struggling financially, or individuals who cannot (generally speaking) access new medicine and treatments. Here, RECs can be very useful in helping you determine what appropriate levels of compensation or payment might be.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 6 of 6:</h4>
								<p>Having received reasonable compensation/payment and participated in the research, would you like to know what the researchers discovered based on your participation (and the participation of others) in the study?</p>
								<p><strong>Answer options:</strong></p>
								<ul>
									<li>Yes</li>
									<li>No</li>
									<li>I am not certain</li>
								</ul>
								<p><strong>Feedback:</strong></p>
								<p>When human participant studies lead to significant findings, researchers are, of course, anxious to publish their results. However, they sometimes fail to take the time necessary to convey those results in a way that participants can understand or access. Moreover, when the results are inconclusive or negative, they are frequently not published at all.</p>
								<p>Participation in experiments represents a donation of time, materials, information and confidence. Your work may specifically benefit your research participants, but regardless of whether it does, you owe them something in return for their participation. Before you move on to your next project, do not forget that one important responsibility you have to address when ending an experiment or study is to share the results with your participants (even if the study ultimately failed to accomplish what you set out to achieve).</p>
								<hr>
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							<!-- USEFUL LINKS START -->
							<pod variant="a" has-modal="true">
								<pod-heading>Useful links</pod-heading> <!-- pod title -->
								<pod-content></pod-content>
								<!-- pop-up pod content -->
								<pod-modal-heading>Useful links</pod-modal-heading>
								<pod-modal-content>
									<hosted-link id="RI_INT_hsp_1_90">
										<p><a href="https://www.universityaffairs.ca/career-advice/ask-dr-editor/how-when-and-why-to-use-readability-formulas-to-improve-your-academic-writing/" target="_blank">How, When and Why to Use Readability Formulas to Improve Your Academic Writing</a></p>
										<p><a href="https://www.anthropologymatters.com/index.php/anth_matters/article/view/443" target="_blank">"Talking the Talk": A Case Study in Teaching About Jargon in an Undergraduate Writing-Intensive Anthropology Course</a></p>
										<p><a href="http://countwordsworth.com/" target="_blank">Count Wordsworth</a></p>
										<p><a href="http://www.hemingwayapp.com/" target="_blank">Hemingway App</a></p>	
									</hosted-link>					
								</pod-modal-content>
							</pod>
							<!-- USEFUL LINKS END -->

						</page-content-sidebar>
					</page-row>

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						<page-content-main>

							<h3>Summary</h3>
							
							<p>As you plan your research, take the time to look at it from the perspective of your participants. Are you:</p>
							
							<ul>
								<li>Providing suitable information to them about the study and getting their consent to participate?</li>
								<li>Avoiding improper incentives and expectations?</li>
								<li>Sharing your results with them in a timely way?</li>
								<li>Living up to your responsibilities as you plan, conduct, interpret and publish your research?</li>
							</ul>
							
							<p>The individuals you study and work with are participating in your research. You should treat them in the way that you might expect to be treated (or you might expect a close member of your family to be treated) if participating in a research project.</p>
							
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