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		<title>Institutional policies</title>
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							<p>Funders often require institutions to have conflict of interest policies that cover the following:</p>
							
							<ul>
								<li>Indicating who has responsibility for establishing a conflict of interest policy</li>
								<li>Appointing an administrative officer to oversee the conflict of interest policy</li>
								<li>Implementing conflict of interest training</li>
								<li>Working with researchers to manage conflicts of interest</li>
								<li>Developing and reviewing reports on tracking and management</li>
								<li>Sharing individual conflict of interest reports with regulators (particularly for sensitive research areas).</li>
							</ul>
							
							<h3>Institutional interests</h3>
							
							<p>Institutions also have broader interests when it comes to recognising and managing conflicts of interest because their researchers are their students or employees. Institutional interests, therefore, extend to:</p>
							
							<ul>
								<li>The objectivity and reliability of research programmes</li>
								<li>Meeting overall responsibilities to students and employees</li>
								<li>Institutional reputation.</li>
							</ul>
							
							<p>Because of the wide scope of an institution's interests, your institution is likely to be especially interested in any work you might do with external groups and organisations. Although collaboration is encouraged, you should always be aware that other organisations may have slightly different priorities.</p>
							
							<instructional-text activity-element="related-concepts"><p>Click on each segment to learn about the considerations that researchers need to take into account when working with various different external groups.</p></instructional-text>
							<instructional-text-mobile activity-element="related-concepts"><p>Click on each tab to learn about the considerations that researchers need to take into account when working with various different external groups.</p></instructional-text-mobile>
							<accessible-text><p>Continue on to learn about the considerations that researchers need to take into account when working with various different external groups.</p></accessible-text>
							
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								<central-concept><node-heading>External groups</node-heading></central-concept>
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										<node-heading>For-profit companies</node-heading>
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											<p>Many for-profit companies rely on research findings to support their product development and marketing.</p>
											<p>Knowing this, there is a risk that researchers will direct their work to benefit the for-profit company, perhaps with the goal of getting more funding. Although this is not necessarily a problem, conflicts like this should be acknowledged and declared.</p>
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										<node-heading>Not-for-profit organisations</node-heading>
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											<p>Not-for-profit organisations are often as dependent on research findings as for-profit companies.</p>
											<p>Receiving funding from not-for-profit organisations may, therefore, raise the same conflicts.  There is a risk that researchers will direct their work to benefit the not-for-profit organisation, perhaps with the goal of getting more funding. Although this is not necessarily a problem, conflicts like this should be acknowledged and declared.</p>
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										<node-heading>Government bodies</node-heading>
										<node-content><p>Serving as an unpaid advisor to a government funding agency could conflict with the peer-review responsibilities expected at your university. You might have access to privileged information that you are not allowed to share with your university. There are ways to deal with these situations, but they should be disclosed and managed properly.</p></node-content>
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										<node-heading>Professional societies</node-heading>
										<node-content><p>Serving as a paid officer or journal editor for a professional society could conflict with your responsibilities at your institution. Universities generally limit the amount of outside work that researchers can take on.</p></node-content>
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								<h4>For-profit companies</h4>
								<p>Many for-profit companies rely on research findings to support their product development and marketing.</p>
								<p>Knowing this, there is a risk that researchers will direct their work to benefit the for-profit company, perhaps with the goal of getting more funding. Although this is not necessarily a problem, conflicts like this should be acknowledged and declared.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Not-for-profit organisations</h4>
								<p>Not-for-profit organisations are often as dependent on research findings as for-profit companies.</p>
								<p>Receiving funding from not-for-profit organisations may, therefore, raise the same conflicts.  There is a risk that researchers will direct their work to benefit the not-for-profit organisation, perhaps with the goal of getting more funding. Although this is not necessarily a problem, conflicts like this should be acknowledged and declared.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Government bodies</h4>
								<p>Serving as an unpaid advisor to a government funding agency could conflict with the peer-review responsibilities expected at your university. You might have access to privileged information that you are not allowed to share with your university. There are ways to deal with these situations, but they should be disclosed and managed properly.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>Professional societies</h4>
								<p>Serving as a paid officer or journal editor for a professional society could conflict with your responsibilities at your institution. Universities generally limit the amount of outside work that researchers can take on.</p>

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							<p>Your institution must be able to assess whether your external commitments could conflict with your research, teaching or other obligations as a student or employee. An important aspect of this is that your institution must be able to evaluate the impact that any external payments or rewards you receive might have on your research and the reputation of the institution as a whole. Researchers often have a contractual responsibility to share this information with their institution.</p>
							
							<h3>Summary</h3>
							
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							<p>If you have any outside interests that could, in some way, influence your work responsibilities or the objectivity of your research, you should report these influences to your university in accordance with your institutional policy.</p>
							
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									<p>Make sure to check your institution's policies to familiarise yourself with its rules and guidelines concerning conflicts of interest.</p>
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