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							<p>Agreements present a way to either formally or informally establish relationships and
								understandings with staff and team members at the start of a project. Reaching agreements on
								the working relationship before a project begins is better than waiting for problems to
								arise and only then seeking solutions.</p>

							<h3>Types of agreements</h3>

							<p>The six most common types of agreements that may be needed are:</p>

							<text-block>
								<ul>
									<li>
										<glossary
											content="A relationship between two individuals where one provides mentorship and guidance to the other. A common example of this type of relationship (in an academic context) is the one between a supervisor and their supervisee. If you are doing a research degree or are employed to work on a specific project, you may have a formal supervisory arrangement with a senior colleague (who would be your primary mentor). However, in many cases, supervision can be more informal; you could, for example, have multiple mentors who support you with different aspects of your research or career."
											placement="right">Mentor&mdash;mentee</glossary> agreements (e.g. supervisory
										agreements)
									</li>
									<li>Team agreements</li>
									<li>Material transfer agreements</li>
									<li>Authorship agreements</li>
									<li>Data&ndash;sharing and ownership agreements</li>
									<li>Intellectual property agreements.</li>
								</ul>
							</text-block>

							<p>Each of these agreements can be used to answer important questions about how the research
								will be conducted and subsequently used in publications or as the basis of intellectual
								property claims.</p>

							<instructional-text>
								<p>Reflect on each of the questions below and think about what each type of agreement might
									involve. Click "Hint" to read a prompt intended to develop your thoughts, and click
									"Feedback" for information on the content and purpose of each of the agreements. Once
									you have read the feedback, click the "Next" button to read about another type of
									agreement.</p>
							</instructional-text>
							<instructional-text-accessible>
								<p>Reflect on each of the questions and think about what each type of agreement might involve. Use the "Hint" as a prompt to develop your thoughts. Continue on to the feedback section for information on the content and purpose of each of the agreements. Once you have considered the feedback, continue on to another type of agreement.</p>
							</instructional-text-accessible>

							<!-- ACTIVITY START -->
							<process variant="reflection" show-in-accessible-version="false">
								<process-page>
									<reflection>
										<reflection-question>
											<p><strong>Mentor&mdash;mentee agreements.</strong> Under what terms will a
												mentor and their mentee work together?</p>
										</reflection-question>
										<reflection-hint>
											<p>Consider what each party would need to know to work together effectively.
											</p>
										</reflection-hint>
										<reflection-feedback>
											<p>Formal agreements between mentors and mentees usually cover:</p>
											<ul>
												<li>The responsibilities of the mentor</li>
												<li>The responsibilities of the mentee</li>
												<li>How often and where meetings to discuss progress will be held</li>
												<li>The approach to supervision.</li>
											</ul>
										</reflection-feedback>
									</reflection>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<reflection>
										<reflection-question>
											<p><strong>Team agreements.</strong> How will different tasks be assigned to
												different members of a research team?</p>
										</reflection-question>
										<reflection-hint>
											<p>How will team members know what is expected of them and what will be done
												by other members of the team? </p>
										</reflection-hint>
										<reflection-feedback>
											<p>Agreements between researchers forming a team and/or different research
												teams set out:</p>
											<ul>
												<li>The responsibilities of each member of the collaboration</li>
												<li>How information will be shared and published</li>
												<li>How data will be shared</li>
												<li>Who can speak for the collaboration</li>
												<li>When and how the collaboration will end.</li>
											</ul>
										</reflection-feedback>
									</reflection>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<reflection>
										<reflection-question>
											<p><strong>Material transfer agreements.</strong> Where will you get
												research material from, and will there be any restrictions on how you
												use it?</p>
										</reflection-question>
										<reflection-hint>
											<p>You may need to take into account licensing payments to the originator of
												the material, or restrictions on the types of experiments that it is
												used for.</p>
										</reflection-hint>
										<reflection-feedback>
											<p>Material transfer agreements usually cover:</p>
											<ul>
												<li>Whether material can be used for revenue-generating activities</li>
												<li>What additional licenses or permissions from the originator are
													required</li>
												<li>Whether material can be shared onwards</li>
												<li>Arrangements for publishing work using the material</li>
												<li>Whether the material can be used for generating new patents </li>
												<li>Any other (usually specified) restrictions that apply to the shared
													material.</li>
											</ul>
										</reflection-feedback>
									</reflection>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<reflection>
										<reflection-question>
											<p><strong>Authorship agreements.</strong> Who will be listed as the
												author(s) on any papers stemming from this project?</p>
										</reflection-question>
										<reflection-hint>
											<p>Consider the different aspects of authorship that will need to be agreed
												on to avoid disputes or disagreements later. </p>
										</reflection-hint>
										<reflection-feedback>
											<p>Authorship agreements, signed by everyone working on a project,
												establish:</p>
											<ul>
												<li>Criteria for assigning authorship</li>
												<li>The order in which authors will be listed</li>
												<li>How new members of a team will be included</li>
												<li>What happens when a member of a team leaves</li>
												<li>How disagreements will be resolved.</li>
											</ul>
										</reflection-feedback>
									</reflection>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<reflection>
										<reflection-question>
											<p><strong>Data-sharing and ownership agreements.</strong> How will
												information be shared and with whom? Who ultimately owns the information
												collected?</p>
										</reflection-question>
										<reflection-hint>
											<p>Data/information is the currency of research. It has value and sharing
												information can involve expenses. What do you need to know to protect
												and properly benefit from your data/information? </p>
										</reflection-hint>
										<reflection-feedback>
											<p>For some research, data-sharing agreements are required. Even if they are
												not required, it is still a good idea to confirm your understandings of
												ownership, sharing and use, including:</p>
											<ul>
												<li>Who owns the data (i.e. who is the 'data controller')</li>
												<li>How the data can be used</li>
												<li>How the source of the data should be recognised/cited</li>
												<li>Whether you expect any compensation for making the data available.
												</li>
											</ul>
										</reflection-feedback>
									</reflection>
								</process-page>
								<process-page>
									<reflection>
										<reflection-question>
											<p><strong>Intellectual property agreements.</strong> Who can benefit from
												any intellectual property created as part of your research project?</p>
										</reflection-question>
										<reflection-hint>
											<p>Apart from the data collected, the ideas generated for your project and
												the conclusions you reached also have value. What do you need to know to
												protect the intellectual property generated by your project (e.g.
												patents and copyrights)? </p>
										</reflection-hint>
										<reflection-feedback>
											<p>If your research does not require formal data sharing provisions, it is
												still a good idea to confirm your understandings, including:</p>
											<ul>
												<li>Who owns the intellectual property</li>
												<li>Under what conditions it can be used</li>
												<li>Who is responsible for pursuing and tracking intellectual property
													agreements.</li>
											</ul>
										</reflection-feedback>
									</reflection>
								</process-page>
							</process>
							<!-- ACCESSIBLE START -->
							<accessible-block>
								<h4>Question 1 of 6: Mentor&ndash;mentee agreements</h4>
								<p>Under what
								terms will
								a mentor and their mentee work together?</p>
								<p><strong>Hint: </strong>Consider what each party would need to know to work
								together effectively. </p>
								<p><strong>Feedback: </strong>Formal agreements between mentors and mentees
								usually cover:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>The responsibilities of the mentor</li>
									<li>The responsibilities of the mentee</li>
									<li>How often and where meetings to discuss progress will be held</li>
									<li>The approach to supervision.</li>
								</ul>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 2 of 6: Team agreements</h4>
								<p>How will different tasks be
								assigned to different members of a research team?</p>
								<p><strong>Hint: </strong>How will team members know what is expected of them and
								what will be done by other members of the team? </p>
								<p><strong>Feedback: </strong>Agreements between researchers forming a team
								and/or different research teams set out:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>The responsibilities of each member of the collaboration</li>
									<li>How information will be shared and published</li>
									<li>How data will be shared</li>
									<li>Who can speak for the collaboration</li>
									<li>When and how the collaboration will end.</li>
								</ul>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 3 of 6: Material transfer agreements</h4>
								<p>Where will you
								get research material from, and will there be any restrictions on how you use
								it?</p>
								<p><strong>Hint: </strong>You may need to take into account licensing payments to
								the originator of the material, or restrictions on the types of experiments that
								it is used for. </p>
								<p><strong>Feedback: </strong>Material transfer agreements usually cover:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>Whether material can be used for revenue-generating activities</li>
									<li>What additional licenses or permissions from the originator are required
									</li>
									<li>Whether material can be shared onwards</li>
									<li>Arrangements for publishing work using the material</li>
									<li>Whether the material can be used for generating new patents </li>
									<li>Any other (usually specified) restrictions that apply to the shared
									material.</li>
								</ul>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 4 of 6: Authorship agreements</h4>
								<p>Who will be listed as
								the author(s) on any papers stemming from this project?</p>
								<p><strong>Hint: </strong>Consider the different aspects of authorship that will
								need to be agreed on to avoid disputes or disagreements later. </p>
								<p><strong>Feedback: </strong>Authorship agreements, signed by everyone working
								on a project, establish:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>Criteria for assigning authorship</li>
									<li>The order in which authors will be listed</li>
									<li>How new members of a team will be included</li>
									<li>What happens when a member of a team leaves</li>
									<li>How disagreements will be resolved.</li>
								</ul>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 5 of 6: Data-sharing and ownership agreements</h4>
								<p>How will information be shared and with whom? Who ultimately owns the information
								collected?</p>
								<p><strong>Hint: </strong>Data/information is the currency of research. It has value
								and sharing information can involve expenses. What do you need to know to
								protect and properly benefit from your data/information? </p>
								<p><strong>Feedback: </strong>For some research, data-sharing agreements are
								required. Even if they are not required, it is still a good idea to confirm your
								understandings of ownership, sharing and use, including:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>Who owns the data (i.e. who is the 'data controller')</li>
									<li>How the data can be used</li>
									<li>How the source of the data should be recognised/cited</li>
									<li>Whether you expect any compensation for making the data available.</li>
								</ul>
								<hr>
								<h4>Question 6 of 6: Intellectual property agreements</h4>
								<p>Who can benefit from any intellectual property created as part of your research project?
								</p>
								<p><strong>Hint: </strong>Apart from the data collected, the ideas generated for
								your project and the conclusions you reached also have value. What do you need
								to know to protect the intellectual property generated by your project (e.g.
								patents and copyrights)? </p>
								<p><strong>Feedback: </strong>If your research does not require formal data
								sharing provisions, it is still a good idea to confirm your understandings,
								including:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>Who owns the intellectual property</li>
									<li>Under what conditions it can be used</li>
									<li>Who is responsible for pursuing and tracking intellectual property
									agreements.</li>
								</ul>
							</accessible-block>
							<!-- ACCESSIBLE END -->
							<!-- ACTIVITY END -->

							<p>Even if it is not practical or common practice in your institution or field of study to
								develop formal agreements in each of these areas, give careful thought to how you will
								document what you, your colleagues and your institution have agreed to. You will find
								this invaluable if questions are raised after the research has concluded.</p>

							<h3>Developing an agreement</h3>

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							<p>Formal agreements are sometimes required as part of the conditions that come with grant or
								studentship funding. If you plan to use materials, reagents or even information collected by
								others in your research, your funder may require evidence of a formal agreement confirming
								that you will be able to secure what you need to conduct your research. Your institution's
								research support service should be able to assist you with meeting these requirements.</p>

						</page-content-main>

						<page-content-sidebar>

							<!-- YOUR CONTEXT START -->
							<pod variant="c" has-modal="true">
								<pod-heading>Your context</pod-heading> <!-- pod title -->
								<pod-content></pod-content>
								<!-- pop-up pod content -->
								<pod-modal-heading>Your context</pod-modal-heading>
								<pod-modal-content>
									<p>Check the services available at your institution to support you in establishing
										agreements.</p>
								</pod-modal-content>
							</pod>
							<!-- YOUR CONTEXT END -->

						</page-content-sidebar>
					</page-row>

					<page-row>
						<page-content-main>

							<p>Other agreements, such as authorship agreements and mentor&mdash;mentee agreements, are
								usually
								not formally required, but working through what could or should go into such an agreement
								may
								help to avoid later problems and result in a better working relationship.</p>

							<instructional-text>
								<p>The following activity lists some of the items that could be included in a
									mentor&mdash;mentee agreement. Indicate who has primary responsibility for each item by
									dragging it into one of the following columns: primarily mentor obligation, primarily
									mentee
									obligation, or joint obligation.</p>
							</instructional-text>
							<instructional-text-accessible>
								<p>The following activity lists some of the items that could be included in a <br>mentor—mentee agreement. </p>
							</instructional-text-accessible>

						</page-content-main>
					</page-row>

					<page-row>
						<page-content-wide>

							<!-- ACTIVITY START -->
							<classification>
								<categories>
									<!-- column 1 -->
									<category>
										<category-heading>
											<p>Primarily mentor obligation</p>
										</category-heading>
										<category-answers>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Provide a clear description of the goals and expectations of the research
													team or lead researcher</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Set aside specified time to provide guidance and feedback</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Help with professional career development</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Offer support with meeting responsibilities when conducting independent
													research</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Provide an opportunity to be an author on publications</p>
											</classify-item>
										</category-answers>
									</category>
									<!-- column 2 -->
									<category>
										<category-heading>
											<p>Primarily mentee obligation</p>
										</category-heading>
										<category-answers>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Provide a clear description of training needs</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Maintain good research records</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Get proper training and seek support when needed</p>
											</classify-item>
										</category-answers>
									</category>
									<!-- column 3 -->
									<category>
										<category-heading>
											<p>Joint obligation</p>
										</category-heading>
										<category-answers>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Work to meet deadlines and obligations</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Devote adequate time to joint research projects</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Work to foster good working relationships in the research environment</p>
											</classify-item>
											<classify-item>
												<p>Raise problems and concerns constructively when they arise</p>
											</classify-item>
										</category-answers>
									</category>
								</categories>
							</classification>
							<!-- feedback -->
							<feedback-reveal>
								<accessible-text>
									<h4>Feedback</h4>
								</accessible-text>
								<p>The 'correct' answers provided for this activity reflect what are generally accepted as
									the primary responsibilities of mentors and their mentees, although in most cases how
									these responsibilities are met should be the subject of ongoing discussion between both
									parties. In some cases, both parties will have equal responsibility for ensuring that
									certain obligations are fulfilled. If you have an opportunity to discuss or be a part of
									such an agreement, think carefully about the elements that it should include.</p>
							</feedback-reveal>
							<!-- ACTIVITY END -->

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						<page-content-main>

							<h3>Summary</h3>

							<p>A little formality at the start of a project can help to avoid misunderstandings arising once
								work is underway. Regardless of whether an agreement is strictly required, establishing
								expectations and understanding limitations at the start of a project or collaboration can be
								hugely beneficial, removing uncertainty and leading to smoother working relationships.</p>

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