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		<title>Institutional responsibilities</title>
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							<p>Institutions (such as universities) are in a unique position to foster integrity and support good behaviour in research. They are also well placed to take meaningful action when research is not conducted responsibly. These activities are often referred to as '<glossary placement="bottom" content="Activity concerned with ensuring that researchers, staff and students adhere to laws, regulations and both national and local policies and guidance when conducting research activities.">research governance</glossary>'.</p>
							
							<h3>Three roles of research institutions in promoting good research conduct</h3>
							
							<p>Research institutions fill three key roles in promoting and monitoring good research conduct. They:</p>
							
							<ol>
								<li>Ensure that the laws and regulations that apply to research are adhered to through good <strong>research governance</strong></li>
								<li>Provide <strong>training</strong> in the responsible conduct of research</li>
								<li>Adopt additional <strong>policies and guidance</strong> to deal with local situations and gaps in government or professional standards.</li>
							</ol>

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							<p>The table below lists what these roles involve:</p>

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										<th><strong>Research governance</strong></th>
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										<td>Establish required review committees (e.g. peer review, research ethics committees)</td>
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										<td>Review and approve research (e.g. acting as 'sponsor' for human participant research)</td>
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										<td>Conduct data audits</td>
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										<td>Conduct financial audits</td>
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										<td>Ensure safety compliance</td>
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										<th><strong>Training</strong></th>
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										<td>Accredited degree programmes</td>
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										<td>Safety training</td>
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										<td>Human participants' protections training</td>
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										<td>Animal welfare training</td>
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										<td>Good research conduct training</td>
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										<th><strong>Policies and guidance</strong></th>
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										<td>Employment policies</td>
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										<td>Fair and equitable workplace rules</td>
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										<td>Publication and authorship rules</td>
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										<td>Ownership of intellectual property</td>
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							<h3>Institutional research programmes</h3>
														
							<p>The institution's role in promoting good research conduct is usually coordinated by a research officer (smaller institutions) and/or research office (larger research institutions); however, you may find that expertise in some areas lies elsewhere (for instance, through a graduate school). Your institution's officer, office or other advisors will be the best point of contact for information and advice when you have questions about your responsibilities.</p>
							<p>In the UK, a key focus for research officers is ensuring that institutions and their researchers uphold the principles outlined in the Universities UK document The Concordat to Support Research Integrity (for a link to this document, see the "Useful links" pod). The Concordat requires signatories to commit to:</p>
							
							<ul>
								<li>Upholding the highest standards of rigour and integrity in all aspects of research</li>
								<li>Ensuring that research is conducted according to appropriate ethical, legal and professional frameworks, obligations and standards</li>
								<li>Supporting a research environment that is underpinned by a culture of integrity and based on good governance, best practice and support for the development of researchers</li>
								<li>Using transparent, timely, robust and fair processes to deal with allegations of research misconduct should they arise</li>
								<li>Working together to strengthen the integrity of research and to review progress regularly and openly (Universities UK, 2019, p. 1).</li>
							</ul>
							
							<p>Signing up to the Concordat is a mandatory requirement if universities are to be eligible to receive research funding from the UK government (and some charities).</p>
							
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								<pod-heading>Useful links</pod-heading> <!-- pod title -->
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								<pod-modal-heading>Useful links</pod-modal-heading>
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										<p>In order to receive government and research council funding, all UK universities are required to publish an annual statement outlining their activities in promoting good research as part of their compliance with <a href="https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2019/the-concordat-to-support-research-integrity.pdf" target="_blank">The Concordat to Support Research Integrity</a>.</p>
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							<instructional-text><p>Click "Play" to watch a video interview with the head of a research office where they discuss how they support the researchers in their community.</p></instructional-text>

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							<h3>Your experience</h3>
														
							<p>What is the situation at your institution?</p>
							
							<instructional-text><p>Consider the statements presented in the poll questions below and select the option that best reflects your level of agreement or disagreement.</p></instructional-text>
							<instructional-text-accessible><p>Consider each statement and reflect on your level of agreement or disagreement.</p></instructional-text-accessible>
							
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									<poll poll-id="10381737" noscript-text="Information about my responsibilities as a researcher is easy to access at my institution."></poll>
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									<poll poll-id="10381738" noscript-text="I know who to go to for advice when I am not sure about my responsibilities."></poll>
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								<h4>Statement 1 of 2:</h4>
								<p>Information about my responsibilities as a researcher is easy to access at my institution.</p>
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									<li>Strongly agree</li>
									<li>Agree</li>
									<li>Neutral</li>
									<li>Disagree</li>
									<li>Strongly disagree</li>
									<li>No opinion</li>
								</ul>
								<hr>
								<h4>Statement 2 of 2:</h4>
								<p>I know who to go to for advice when I am not sure about my responsibilities.</p>
								<ul>
									<li>Strongly agree</li>
									<li>Agree</li>
									<li>Neutral</li>
									<li>Disagree</li>
									<li>Strongly disagree</li>
									<li>No opinion</li>
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							<h3>Summary</h3>
							
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							<p>Research is not just about conducting experiments and writing papers. To be a good researcher, you also need to understand the wider context within which your research occurs, and understand why safeguards are needed. Your institution's research officer or office is an essential source of expert guidance and is there to support you, since you cannot be expected to know everything.</p>
							
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								<pod-heading>Your context</pod-heading> <!-- pod title -->
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								<pod-modal-heading>Your context</pod-modal-heading>
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									<p>Check with your institution to see what resources and support are available.</p>
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