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		<title>Export control policies in the UK</title>
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							<p>Guidance and processes relating to exports from the UK are set by the Department for International Trade and the Export Control Joint Unit. Complying with the relevant legislation is a complex process and this screen is designed to give you a brief introduction to what may be required. Be aware that legislation and guidance change frequently, so it is well worth checking the relevant government websites regularly (see the "Useful links" pod for the relevant links).</p>

							<instructional-text><p>Click on each question to access a discussion of the situation in the UK.</p></instructional-text>
							<accessible-text><p>Continue on to discover more about how export controls are managed in the UK.</p></accessible-text>

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								<acc-item>
								  <acc-title>Does the UK have export control regulations?</acc-title>
								  <acc-contents>Yes. "The UK Strategic Export Control Lists form the basis of determining whether any products, software or technology that you intend to export are 'controlled' and therefore require an export licence." (UK Government, 2017)</acc-contents>
								</acc-item>
								<acc-item>
								  <acc-title>What are the origins of the major legislation and how is it enacted?</acc-title>
								  <acc-contents>
									  <p>The UK Strategic Export Control Lists are derived from various international commitments – including foreign policy, national defence and security interests.</p>
									  <p>They are mostly drawn from the work of various international export control and non-proliferation groups or regimes. These bodies have counter-proliferation objectives, which they meet by determining which goods should be controlled. Subsequently, the agreements are incorporated into national country legislation (Department for International Trade and Export Control Joint Unit, 2017).</p>
									  <p>In the UK, a licence is required to export certain types of technology. The Export Control Act 2002, which came into force on 1 May 2004, enacts the power to control the export or transfer of technology.</p>
								  </acc-contents>
								</acc-item>
								<acc-item>
								  <acc-title>What is covered by export control regulations in the UK?</acc-title>
								  <acc-contents>
									  <p>"The UK Strategic Export Control Lists are derived from various international commitments – including foreign policy, national defence and security interests.</p>
									  <p>"They are compiled mostly from the work of various international export control and non-proliferation groups or regimes. One of the main roles of these bodies is to decide what goods should be controlled to meet their counter proliferation objectives. Subsequently, the agreements are incorporated into national country legislation, including in the UK." (UK Government, 2017)</p>
									  <p>"The sorts of 'technology' covered by the controls is that related to the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of certain 'goods' subject to export control, or 'technology' subject to the end-use control in relation to weapons of mass destruction, certain arms embargoes or unauthorised military exports. In other words specific information which may take the form of blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions etc.</p>
									  <p>[...]</p>
									  <p>"The controls apply to anyone or any entity – companies, individuals and academics alike. Similar controls apply where there is a transfer of 'technology' to a person or place within the UK or by a UK person located outside the EU. These, too, are aimed at preventing the transfer of technology subject to the end-use control in relation to weapons of mass destruction and, again, are aimed at companies, individuals and academics." (Department for Business Innovation &amp; Skills, 2010)</p>
								  </acc-contents>
								</acc-item>
								<acc-item>
									<acc-title>What licences apply to exports in the UK?</acc-title>
									<acc-contents>
										<p>The Department for International Trade has two online 'checker' tools:</p>
										<ul>
											<li>The 'Goods Checker', which helps to establish if your items are controlled and identify the appropriate control entry ('rating') from the UK Strategic Export Control Lists</li>
											<li>If a licence is required, the 'OGEL Checker' can be used to identify <strong>any</strong> appropriate Open General Export Licence (OGEL).</li>
										</ul>
										<p>If your goods, technology, software, destination or situation are not covered by an OGEL, you will need to apply for a Standard Individual Export Licence (SIEL). If either a OGEL or a SIEL is required, you will have to register with the online '<span aria-label="S P I R E">SPIRE</span>' system to obtain the licence.</p>
									</acc-contents>
								  </acc-item>
								  <acc-item>
									<acc-title>How do considerations differ depending on the country you are intending to export to?</acc-title>
									<acc-contents>Under UK legislation, the country that you intend to export items to may place further limitations on the licence that you can receive. The list of restrictions changes frequently, so it is advisable to check the relevant guidelines every time you plan to export something. Also be aware that the other country may have import requirements, which you will need to ensure you adhere to.</acc-contents>
								  </acc-item>
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								<h4>Does the UK have export control regulations?</h4>
								<p>Yes. "The UK Strategic Export Control Lists form the basis of determining whether any products, software or technology that you intend to export are 'controlled' and therefore require an export licence." (UK Government, 2017)</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>What are the origins of the major legislation and how is it enacted?</h4>
								<p>The UK Strategic Export Control Lists are derived from various international commitments – including foreign policy, national defence and security interests.</p>
								<p>They are mostly drawn from the work of various international export control and non-proliferation groups or regimes. These bodies have counter-proliferation objectives, which they meet by determining which goods should be controlled. Subsequently, the agreements are incorporated into national country legislation (Department for International Trade and Export Control Joint Unit, 2017).</p>
								<p>In the UK, a licence is required to export certain types of technology. The Export Control Act 2002, which came into force on 1 May 2004, enacts the power to control the export or transfer of technology.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>What is covered by export control regulations in the UK?</h4>
								<p>"The UK Strategic Export Control Lists are derived from various international commitments – including foreign policy, national defence and security interests.</p>
								<p>"They are compiled mostly from the work of various international export control and non-proliferation groups or regimes. One of the main roles of these bodies is to decide what goods should be controlled to meet their counter proliferation objectives. Subsequently, the agreements are incorporated into national country legislation, including in the UK." (UK Government, 2017)</p>
								<p>"The sorts of 'technology' covered by the controls is that related to the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of certain 'goods' subject to export control, or 'technology' subject to the end-use control in relation to weapons of mass destruction, certain arms embargoes or unauthorised military exports. In other words specific information which may take the form of blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions etc.</p>
								<p>[...]</p>
								<p>"The controls apply to anyone or any entity – companies, individuals and academics alike. Similar controls apply where there is a transfer of 'technology' to a person or place within the UK or by a UK person located outside the EU. These, too, are aimed at preventing the transfer of technology subject to the end-use control in relation to weapons of mass destruction and, again, are aimed at companies, individuals and academics." (Department for Business Innovation &amp; Skills, 2010)</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>What licences apply to exports in the UK?</h4>
								<p>The Department for International Trade has two online 'checker' tools:</p>
								<ul>
									<li>The 'Goods Checker', which helps to establish if your items are controlled and identify the appropriate control entry ('rating') from the UK Strategic Export Control Lists</li>
									<li>If a licence is required, the 'OGEL Checker' can be used to identify <strong>any</strong> appropriate Open General Export Licence (OGEL).</li>
								</ul>
								<p>If your goods, technology, software, destination or situation are not covered by an OGEL, you will need to apply for a Standard Individual Export Licence (SIEL). If either a OGEL or a SIEL is required, you will have to register with the online '<span aria-label="S P I R E">SPIRE</span>' system to obtain the licence.</p>
								<hr>
								<h4>How do considerations differ depending on the country you are intending to export to?</h4>
								<p>Under UK legislation, the country that you intend to export items to may place further limitations on the licence that you can receive. The list of restrictions changes frequently, so it is advisable to check the relevant guidelines every time you plan to export something. Also be aware that the other country may have import requirements, which you will need to ensure you adhere to.</p>
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							  <h3>Summary</h3>

							  <p>Determining whether you need an export licence and applying for the appropriate document is a complex process. You also need to be aware of any country-/region-specific limitations and also the import requirements of the other country. It is almost always best to ensure that you go through the process under the guidance of the relevant export research officer at your institution, who can also ensure that you meet any additional local policy requirements.</p>

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								<pod-modal-heading>Useful links</pod-modal-heading>
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									<hosted-link id="RI_INT_exc_1_40">
										<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-strategic-export-control-lists-the-consolidated-list-of-strategic-military-and-dual-use-items" target="_blank">UK Strategic Export Control Lists</a></p>	
										<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-international-trade" target="_blank">Department for International Trade</a></p>	
										<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/export-control-organisation" target="_blank">Export Control Joint Unit</a></p>	
										<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-business-energy-and-industrial-strategy" target="_blank">Department for Business, Energy &amp; Industrial Strategy</a></p>
										<p><a href="https://www.ecochecker.trade.gov.uk/spirefox5live/fox/spire/OGEL_GOODS_CHECKER_LANDING_PAGE/new" target="_blank">OGEL and Goods Checker Tools</a></p>
										<p><a href="https://www.spire.trade.gov.uk/spire/fox/espire/LOGIN/login" target="_blank">Department for International Trade – <span aria-label="S P I R E">SPIRE</span></a></p>
										<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/current-arms-embargoes-and-other-restrictions" target="_blank">Current Trade Sanctions, Including Arms Embargoes and Other Restrictions</a></p>
										<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/export-controls-military-goods-software-and-technology" target="_blank">Export Controls: Military Goods, Software and Technology</a></p>
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