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								<h3>Background</h3>

								<p><strong>Artino, A. R., Jr., Driessen, E. W. & Maggio, L. A.</strong> (2018) Ethical Shades of Gray: International Frequency of Scientific Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices in Health Professions Education. <em>Academic Medicine</em> (Aug 14). Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113363" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113363</a></p>
								<p><strong>Bartlett, T.</strong> (2013) New Center Hopes to Clean up Sloppy Science and Bogus Research. <em>The Chronicle of Higher Education</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/New-Center-Hopes-to-Clean-Up/137683" target="_blank">https://www.chronicle.com/article/New-Center-Hopes-to-Clean-Up/137683</a></p>
								<p><strong>Fanelli, D.</strong> (2009) How Many Scientists Fabricate and Falsify Research? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Survey Data. <em>PLOS One</em>, <strong>4</strong>(5) (May 29). Available from: <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005738" target="_blank">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005738</a></p>
								<p><strong>Fanelli, D.</strong> (2013) Redefine Misconduct as Distorted Reporting. <em>Nature</em>, <strong>494</strong>(7436) (Feb 14), p. 149. Available from: <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/redefine-misconduct-as-distorted-reporting-1.12411" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/news/redefine-misconduct-as-distorted-reporting-1.12411</a></p>
								<p><strong>Felaefel, M., Salem, M., Jaafar, R., Jassim, G., Edwards, H., Rashid-Doubell, F., Yousri, R., Ali, N. M. & Silverman, H.</strong> (2018) A Cross-Sectional Survey Study to Assess Prevalence and Attitudes Regarding Research Misconduct among Investigators in the Middle East. <em>Journal of Academic Ethics</em>, <strong>16</strong>(1) (Mar), pp. 71&ndash;87. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29755305" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29755305</a></p>
								<p><strong>Gammon, E. & Franzini, L.</strong> (2013) Research Misconduct Oversight: Defining Case Costs. <em>Journal of Health Care Finance</em>, <strong>40</strong>(2) (Winter), pp. 75&ndash;99. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24551963" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24551963</a></p>
								<p><strong>Gunsalus, C. K. & Robinson, A. D.</strong> (2018) Nine Pitfalls of Research Misconduct. <em>Nature</em>, <strong>557</strong>(7705) (May), pp. 297&ndash;9. Available from: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05145-6" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05145-6</a></p>
								<p><strong>Iacobucci, G.</strong> (2018) Scale of Research Misconduct is Unknown because of Poor Reporting by Universities, Say MPs. <em>BMJ</em>, <strong>362</strong>(Jul). Available from: <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3034" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3034</a></p>
								<p><strong>Lorch, M.</strong> (2013) Scientists Take to Twitter to Reveal Their Less Than Scientific Methods. <em>The Guardian</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/jan/10/scientists-twitter-methods" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/jan/10/scientists-twitter-methods</a></p>
								<p><strong>Martin, C. & Blatt, M.</strong> (2013) Manipulation and Misconduct in the Handling of Image Data. <em>The Plant Cell</em>, <strong>25</strong>(9) (Sep), pp. 3147&ndash;8. Available from: <a href="http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/163/1/3" target="_blank">http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/163/1/3</a></p>
								<p><strong>Redman, B. K.</strong> (2018) Correctable Myths About Research Misconduct in the Biomedical Sciences. <em>Science and Engineering Ethics</em> (Feb 5). Available from: <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11948-018-0027-3" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11948-018-0027-3</a></p>
								<p><strong>Steneck, N. H.</strong> (2000) Assessing the Integrity of Publicly Funded Research: A Background Report for the November 2000 ORI Research Conference on Research Integrity. Available from: <a href="https://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/assessing_int_res.pdf" target="_blank">https://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/assessing_int_res.pdf</a></p>
								<p><strong>Steneck, N. H.</strong> (2006) Fostering Integrity in Research: Definitions, Current Knowledge, and Future Directions.<em>Science and Engineering Ethics</em>, <strong>12</strong>(1), pp. 53&ndash;74. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16501647" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16501647</a></p>
								<p><strong>Steneck, N. H.</strong> (2002) Research Ethics and Regulation. In: J. J. F. Forest and K. Kinser (eds.). <em>Higher Education in the United States: An Encyclopedia</em>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.</p>

								<h3>Policies and definitions</h3>

								<p><strong>ALLEA &ndash; ALL European Academies, Hermer&eacute;n, G., Hiney, M., F&eacute;s&uuml;s, L., Pfister, R., Van Damme, E., van Hees, M., Varantola, K., Benaki, A., Fagot-Largeault, A., Honnefelder, L., Oder, B. E., Pickersgill, M., Puigdomenech, P., Bull, K. S., Szawarski, Z. & Uibo, R.</strong> (2017) The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Available from: <a href="https://allea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ALLEA-European-Code-of-Conduct-for-Research-Integrity-2017.pdf" target="_blank">https://allea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ALLEA-European-Code-of-Conduct-for-Research-Integrity-2017.pdf</a></p>
								<p><strong>General Medical Council</strong> (2012) Raising and Acting on Concerns about Patient Safety. Available from: <a href="https://www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/raising-and-acting-on-concerns" target="_blank">https://www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/raising-and-acting-on-concerns</a></p>
								<p><strong>Government of Canada</strong> (2016) Tri-Agency Framework: Responsible Conduct of Research (2016). Available from: <a href="http://www.rcr.ethics.gc.ca/eng/framework-cadre.html" target="_blank">http://www.rcr.ethics.gc.ca/eng/framework-cadre.html</a></p>
								<p><strong>Resnik, D. B., Rasmussen, L. M. & Kissling, G. E.</strong> (2015) An International Study of Research Misconduct Policies. <em>Accountability in Research</em>, <strong>22</strong>(5), pp. 249&ndash;66. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25928177" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25928177</a></p>
								<p><strong>Office of Science and Technology Policy</strong> (2000) Federal Research Misconduct Policy. Available from: <a href="https://ori.hhs.gov/federal-research-misconduct-policy" target="_blank">https://ori.hhs.gov/federal-research-misconduct-policy</a></p>
								<p><strong>Parliament UK</strong> (2019) Research Integrity Inquiry &ndash; Publications. Available from: <a href="https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/science-and-technology-committee/inquiries/parliament-2017/research-integrity-17-19/publications/" target="_blank">https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/science-and-technology-committee/inquiries/parliament-2017/research-integrity-17-19/publications/</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Research and Innovation</strong> (n.d.) Research Integrity: Council Policies and Concordat to Support Research Integrity. Available from: <a href="https://www.ukri.org/about-us/policies-and-standards/research-integrity/" target="_blank">https://www.ukri.org/about-us/policies-and-standards/research-integrity/</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Research Integrity Office</strong> (n.d.) Misconduct Investigation Procedure. Available from: <a href="https://ukrio.org/publications/misconduct-investigation-procedure/" target="_blank">https://ukrio.org/publications/misconduct-investigation-procedure/</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Research Integrity Office</strong> (2008) Procedure for the Investigation of Misconduct in Research. Available from: <a href="https://ukrio.org/wp-content/uploads/UKRIO-Procedure-for-the-Investigation-of-Misconduct-in-Research.pdf" target="_blank">https://ukrio.org/wp-content/uploads/UKRIO-Procedure-for-the-Investigation-of-Misconduct-in-Research.pdf</a></p>

								<h3>Resources for whistleblowers</h3>

								<p><strong>Health and Care Professions Council</strong> (2019) Whistleblowing Policy. Available from: <a href="https://www.hcpc-uk.org/resources/policy/whistleblowing-policy/" target="_blank">https://www.hcpc-uk.org/resources/policy/whistleblowing-policy/</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Government</strong> (n.d.) Whistleblowing for Employees. Available from: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/whistleblowing" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/whistleblowing</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Research and Innovation</strong> (n.d.) Research Integrity. Available from: <a href="https://www.ukri.org/about-us/policies-and-standards/research-integrity/" target="_blank">https://www.ukri.org/about-us/policies-and-standards/research-integrity/</a></p>
								<p><strong>UK Research Integrity Office</strong> (n.d.) Contact our Subscribers. Available from: <a href="https://ukrio.org/our-subscribers/contact-our-subscribers/" target="_blank">https://ukrio.org/our-subscribers/contact-our-subscribers/</a></p>

								<h3>Cases</h3>

								<p><strong>Aldhous, P.</strong> (2011) Psychologist Admits Faking Data in Dozens of Studies. <em>New Scientist</em>. Available from: <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21118-psychologist-admits-faking-data-in-dozens-of-studies.html" target="_blank">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21118-psychologist-admits-faking-data-in-dozens-of-studies.html</a></p>
								<p><strong>BBC News</strong> (2013) Cardiff University Dean of Medicine Cleared of Research Misconduct. Available from: <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22083549" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22083549</a></p>
								<p><strong>Callaway, E.</strong> (2011) Report Finds Massive Fraud at Dutch Universities. <em>Nature</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/2011/111101/full/479015a.html" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/news/2011/111101/full/479015a.html</a></p>
								<p><strong>Djulbegovic, B., Kumar, A., Magazin, A., Schroen, A. T., Soares, H., Hozo, I., Clarke, M., Sargent, D. & Schell, M. J.</strong> (2011) Optimism Bias Leads to Inconclusive Results  &ndash; An Empirical Study. <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em>, <strong>64</strong>(6), pp. 583&ndash;593. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079810/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079810/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Dowling, S.</strong> (2011) German Politician Loses Doctorate for Plagiarism. <em>The Guardian</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/14/plagiarism-row-jorgo-chatzimarkakis-germany" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/14/plagiarism-row-jorgo-chatzimarkakis-germany</a></p>
								<p><strong>Flaherty, C.</strong> (2019) Fake Citations Kill a Career. <em>Inside Higher Ed</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/09/13/columbia-says-historians-acclaimed-book-north-korea-was-plagiarized-publisher-says" target="_blank">https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/09/13/columbia-says-historians-acclaimed-book-north-korea-was-plagiarized-publisher-says</a></p>
								<p><strong>Godlee, F., Smith, J. & Marcovitch, H.</strong> (2011) Editorial: Wakefield's Article Linking MMR Vaccine and Autism was Fraudulent. BMJ. Available from: <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7452" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7452</a></p>
								<p><strong>Gross, C.</strong> (2011) Disgrace: On Marc Hauser. <em>The Nation</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/disgrace-marc-hauser/" target="_blank">https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/disgrace-marc-hauser/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Oransky, I.</strong> (2018) JAMA Journals Retract Six Papers by Food Marketing Researcher Brian Wansink. <em>Retraction Watch</em>. Available from: <a href="https://retractionwatch.com/2018/09/19/jama-journals-retract-six-papers-by-food-marketing-researcher-brian-wansink/" target="_blank">https://retractionwatch.com/2018/09/19/jama-journals-retract-six-papers-by-food-marketing-researcher-brian-wansink/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Pelley, S.</strong> (2012) Deception at Duke: Fraud in Cancer Care? <em>60 Minutes: CBS</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/deception-at-duke-fraud-in-cancer-care/" target="_blank">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/deception-at-duke-fraud-in-cancer-care/</a></p>
								<p><strong>Wardle, J.</strong> (2013) Plagiarism and Registered Health Professionals: Navigating the Borderlands between Scholarly and Professional Misconduct. <em>Journal of Law and Medicine</em>, <strong>21</strong>(2) (Dec), pp. 399&ndash;414. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597389" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597389</a></p>
								<p><strong>Van Noorden, R.</strong> (2013) Open Access: The True Cost of Science Publishing. <em>Nature</em>. Available from: <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/open-access-the-true-cost-of-science-publishing-1.12676" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/news/open-access-the-true-cost-of-science-publishing-1.12676</a></p>
								<p><strong>Xi, J.</strong> (2015) To Get My Father, Xiaoxing Xi, FBI Twisted America's Ideals: Joyce Xi. <em>USA Today</em>. Available from: <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/09/18/xiaoxing-xi-china-spy-fbi-state-visit-column/32560009/" target="_blank">http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/09/18/xiaoxing-xi-china-spy-fbi-state-visit-column/32560009/</a></p>
								
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