“If you ask who’s heard of consent before - everyone puts their hand up. It’s a real buzzword. But then when you get young people to dissect it, they are really unsure... They can reel off something, but they don’t understand how it fits into their lives and... What it means to them.”
Brook Education Worker
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8bb", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f82f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "image_quote", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Quote", "displayTitle": "", "body": "“In my experience, young people understand and know what consent is in an abstract way and can repeat and give really clear and correct definitions, but the minute you move into talking about negotiating relationships and figuring out what you do and don’t want, these nice clean definitions become too simple for the complexities of real life...
The conversation gets interesting when you get into the grey areas - and that’s where most people’s experiences lie.”
Dr Elsie Whittington
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
Brook is the only dedicated young people's sexual health charity. Last year, Brook helped more than 1.4 million young people through its face-to-face and online services.
Through clinical services in local communities, education programmes in schools and universities, training for professionals and advocacy work, Brook fights to make sure that young people are better equipped to make positive and healthy lifestyle choices.
We passionately believe that learning about consent equips us all to have more safe, ethical and enjoyable sexual experiences.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c1", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f840", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "A photograph of Dr Elsie Whittington", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c2", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f841", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "A photograph of Dr Elsie Whittington", "large": "course/en/assets/83a58a2828816baf164b7a34d10602067598ae76.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/83a58a2828816baf164b7a34d10602067598ae76.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "About this course", "displayTitle": "About this course", "body": "This course was developed as part of a joint project with the University of Sussex and is based on original doctoral research by Dr Elsie Whittington.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c3", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f841", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button for more information:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "About Dr Elsie Whittington", "body": "Elsie worked extensively with young people to research what they understood about consent and to understand the reality of their own sexual experiences.
She is now a lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University, Centre for Youth Studies.
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In this module we start with some basics.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c5", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f842", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button to explore:", "_items": [ { "body": "Think about the last time you kissed someone...
blah blah
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", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c7", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f843", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_media": { "mp4": "", "ogv": "", "webm": "", "mp3": "", "source": "https://youtu.be/Vb2d3kMBSqI", "type": "video/youtube", "poster": "", "cc": [] }, "_setCompletionOn": "play", "_useClosedCaptions": false, "_startLanguage": "en", "_showVolumeControl": false, "_startVolume": "80%", "_allowFullScreen": false, "_pauseWhenOffScreen": false, "_playsinline": false, "_preventForwardScrubbing": false, "_transcript": { "_setCompletionOnView": true, "_inlineTranscript": false, "_externalTranscript": false, "inlineTranscriptButton": "", "inlineTranscriptCloseButton": "", "inlineTranscriptBody": "", "transcriptLinkButton": "", "transcriptLink": "" }, "_playerOptions": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Dictionary graphic", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c8", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f844", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a dictionary.", "large": "course/en/assets/e98db10dc0d0a859665559dfcbe8e8807a2d7a84.png", "small": "course/en/assets/e98db10dc0d0a859665559dfcbe8e8807a2d7a84.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Defining consent", "displayTitle": "Defining consent", "body": "It's true that even in non-sexual contexts, we don’t often pause to explicitly seek approval or ‘consent’ to have close contact with someone.
If we tried, it might feel awkward, or you may just not have the words to ask. Equally, the other person may feel the same and struggle to find the words to refuse.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8c9", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f844", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "openTextInput", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": true, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "So how might we define this awkward concept?", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8ca", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f845", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Have a go at drafting your own definition of consent and compare with the dictionary definition below:", "_canShowModelAnswer": false, "_canShowMarking": false, "placeholder": "Type your thoughts here...", "_allowedCharacters": 500, "remainingCharactersText": "Remaining characters", "_recordInteraction": false, "modelAnswer": "blah blah
", "savedMessage": "Changes saved", "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "Submit", "ariaLabel": "Submit" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "Show model answer", "ariaLabel": "Show model answer" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "Hide model answer", "ariaLabel": "Hide model answer" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "Reset", "ariaLabel": "Reset" } } }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Consent: Dictionary definition", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8cb", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f845", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button to find out more:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Consent: Dictionary definition", "body": "Verb
To permit, approve, or agree; comply or yield (often followed by ‘to’ or an infinitive)
‘He consented to the proposal. We asked her permission, and she consented’.
Noun
Permission, approval, or agreement; compliance; acquiescence:
‘He gave his consent to the marriage’.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" } ], "_shouldCollapseItems": true }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Complying and yielding", "displayTitle": "Complying and yielding", "body": "Let’s think more about the words in the dictionary definition - ‘complying’ and ‘yielding’. These both imply being willing but not really wanting to do something.
Sometimes we consent to things that we don’t want to do, but this can be difficult and can make us feel resentful and angry!
But how useful is this definition when it comes to sex?
The word ‘consent’ is problematic in a sexual context. Sex shouldn’t be something we have for any other reason than we want it.
| We consent to... | Because... | |
|---|---|---|
| Do a late shift at work | You need to earn money | |
| Go to a 9am lecture | You need the attendance and the lecture content to pass your course | |
| Vote for a political party because they are the best of a bad bunch | You believe in political participation | |
| Buy the only loaf of bread left on the shelf, even though you would have preferred another brand | You fancy a sandwich |
In the eyes of the law, consent is the agreement between participants to have sex or engage in a sexual activity. All involved must have the freedom and capacity to make that decision. Engaging in a sexual act without the person’s consent is a criminal offence and is considered sexual assault or rape.
The wording of the law still doesn’t adequately distinguish between wanting something and giving in to it. What’s more, it introduces further problems by saying there must be freedom and capacity to make that decision, without explaining what that really means.
Don’t worry - we’ll investigate this further in the next module!
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8cd", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f83f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button for more information:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Is the word ‘consent’ appropriate?", "body": "There are some schools of thought that argue that the word consent is inadequate and only describes ‘agreeing’ to participate in sex rather than ‘wanting’ it and wanting to enjoy it. (Beres 2007 and 2005; Peterson and Muehlenhard, 2007).
Other suggestions include ‘freedom to negotiate’ (Tanya Palmer, 2013) or ‘sexual ethics’ (Carmody, 2009).
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" } ], "_shouldCollapseItems": true }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What counts as sexual activity?", "displayTitle": "What counts as sexual activity?", "body": "Before we switch our focus to sex and consent, let’s check we all know what we mean by ‘sex’. Easy right?
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8ce", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f846", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Which of the following would you consider a sexual activity?", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8cf", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f831", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_items": [ { "text": "Blow job", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Penis and vagina sex", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Talking 'dirty' on the phone", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Holding hands", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Snogging", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Squeezing someone's breast", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Getting naked on a video-call video-calling", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Licking someone's clitoris", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Sending a nude photo", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Touching someone's bum", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Masturbation", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Cuddling on the sofa", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" } ], "_attempts": 1, "_canShowModelAnswer": false, "_canShowFeedback": true, "_canShowMarking": true, "_shouldDisplayAttempts": false, "_isRandom": false, "_recordInteraction": true, "_questionWeight": 1, "_selectable": 12, "_feedback": { "title": "Feedback:", "correct": "Yes
All of these activities count as sex or sexual activity for some people (and not for others!).
Consent is required every time we have any sexual encounter, and throughout the duration of that encounter. It doesn’t need to be as formal as it may sound and definitely doesn't mean taking all the fun out of being intimate with someone.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That's partly correct
All of these activities count as sex or sexual activity for some people (and not for others!).
Consent is required every time we have any sexual encounter, and throughout the duration of that encounter. It doesn’t need to be as formal as it may sound and definitely doesn't mean taking all the fun out of being intimate with someone.
", "notFinal": "That's partly correct
All of these activities count as sex or sexual activity for some people (and not for others!).
Consent is required every time we have any sexual encounter, and throughout the duration of that encounter. It doesn’t need to be as formal as it may sound and definitely doesn't mean taking all the fun out of being intimate with someone.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That's partly correct
All of these activities count as sex or sexual activity for some people (and not for others!).
Consent is required every time we have any sexual encounter, and throughout the duration of that encounter. It doesn’t need to be as formal as it may sound and definitely doesn't mean taking all the fun out of being intimate with someone.
", "notFinal": "That's partly correct
All of these activities count as sex or sexual activity for some people (and not for others!).
Consent is required every time we have any sexual encounter, and throughout the duration of that encounter. It doesn’t need to be as formal as it may sound and definitely doesn't mean taking all the fun out of being intimate with someone.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "image_quote", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Quote", "displayTitle": "", "body": "“Sex can be anything you personally feel is sex... It can be done for pleasuring yourself and/or your partner(s) or for reproductive purposes, or both. Most importantly - as long as it’s consensual from everyone involved, it can be sex if you want it to be”.
Hayley, research participant
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d0", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f847", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Brook image", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d1", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f848", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a young man wearing glasses.", "large": "course/en/assets/0cb6c8472e4e6ecdbd97369ecff8de23c92e49ed.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/0cb6c8472e4e6ecdbd97369ecff8de23c92e49ed.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Consent: the real picture", "displayTitle": "Consent: the real picture", "body": "Consent is not just an issue for young people - all of us need to practice it throughout our sexual lives. Yet there is evidence that young people are more likely to experience sex against their will.
Research also highlights a striking gender imbalance in the incidence of non-consensual sex and often the involvement of a current or previous partner.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d2", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f848", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "slider", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What is the average age of a most recent experience of non-consensual sex for men?", "displayTitle": "That’s right
The average age of a most recent experience of non-consensual sex for men is 16.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The average age of a most recent experience of non-consensual sex for men is 16.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The average age at most recent occurrence of non-consensual sex for males is 16.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "slider", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What is the average age of a most recent experience of non-consensual sex for women?", "displayTitle": "That’s right
The average age of a most recent experience of non-consensual sex for women is 18.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The average age of a most recent experience of non-consensual sex for women is 18.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The average age at most recent occurrence of non-consensual sex for females is 18.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What proportion of males do you think have experienced non-consensual sex (since the age of 13)?", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d5", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f84b", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_items": [ { "text": "1 in 10", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "1 in 55", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "1 in 71", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "1 in 100", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" } ], "_attempts": 1, "_canShowModelAnswer": true, "_canShowFeedback": true, "_canShowMarking": true, "_shouldDisplayAttempts": false, "_isRandom": false, "_recordInteraction": true, "_questionWeight": 1, "_selectable": 1, "_feedback": { "title": "Feedback:", "correct": "That’s right
1 in 71 males have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
1 in 71 males have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
1 in 71 males have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
1 in 71 males have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
1 in 71 males have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What proportion of females do you think have experienced non-consensual sex (since the age of 13)?", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d6", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f84c", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_items": [ { "text": "1 in 10", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "1 in 55", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "1 in 71", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "1 in 100", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" } ], "_attempts": 1, "_canShowModelAnswer": true, "_canShowFeedback": true, "_canShowMarking": true, "_shouldDisplayAttempts": false, "_isRandom": false, "_recordInteraction": true, "_questionWeight": 1, "_selectable": 1, "_feedback": { "title": "Feedback:", "correct": "That’s right
1 in 10 females have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
1 in 10 females have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
1 in 10 females have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
1 in 10 females have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
1 in 10 females have experienced non-consensual sex since the age of 13.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "hotgraphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "The real picture at university", "displayTitle": "The real picture at university", "body": "Research by Brook suggests that consent could be a particular issue for students. In 2019, 5649 students took part in our survey.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d7", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f84d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the buttons to explore the results:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/5dae6e8eeb2a1e83091aea4b8277e4abc4221fd4.png", "alt": "Timeline indicating 0% to 100%.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "Research by Brook suggests that consent could be a particular issue for students. Our 2019 survey on consent was contributed by 5649 students.
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the buttons to explore the results:
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", "strapline": "3%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/9e7cb22057cdbce29094f79a8c7e4059e73a0729.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 3%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 2.6, "_top": 65.8 }, { "title": "8%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Only 8% of participants had reported unwanted sexual behaviour
", "strapline": "8%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/056c9423b2b9db405ab967843d9dc283dbf9ddee.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 8%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 7.4, "_top": 7.8 }, { "title": "15%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Only 15% recognised that unwanted sexual behaviour was illegal
", "strapline": "15%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/3ce4d4db5ee591af3bca0159fc93a6fc5fea518b.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 15%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 13.5, "_top": 65.8 }, { "title": "25%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Only 25% of those who had experienced rape had reported it
", "strapline": "25%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/d2fc6cf591b4ebabdbe1886dcacb9c39a54744d9.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 25%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 23, "_top": 7.8 }, { "title": "49%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "of women (nearly half!) said they had been inappropriately touched
", "strapline": "49%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/4154f2cb3a071de4b63a517d5523076ca9527c8e.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 49%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 45.6, "_top": 65.8 }, { "title": "53%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "had experienced unwanted sexual behaviour from another student
", "strapline": "53%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/9803ed5d54171498e8281edd5c8f52f9293d0eec.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 53%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 51.1, "_top": 7.8 }, { "title": "56%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "have experienced unwanted sexual behaviour
", "strapline": "56%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/37a8027dab0d8debccd8475929abea0521cbdd17.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 56%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 54.9, "_top": 65.8 }, { "title": "83%", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "felt alcohol was a major contributing factor
", "strapline": "83%", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/67edd26a06aee044df6075949f5ced4fe0540d6a.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 83%.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 75.9, "_top": 7.8 } ] }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Brook image", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8d8", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f84e", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a young girl wearing glasses with a blank expression.", "large": "course/en/assets/2760d5dc67982bff410a6656f3899bf1ee76b5f7.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/2760d5dc67982bff410a6656f3899bf1ee76b5f7.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Gender norms and stereotypes", "displayTitle": "Gender norms and stereotypes", "body": "The data suggests that women will experience more issues with consent. But gender norms and stereotypes can make it complicated for everyone to negotiate.
And while the drinking culture, societies and clubs might serve to reinforce these, university is often a time of self-exploration and actively challenging gender norms.
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These slang terms are most commonly associated with the selected male and female gender stereotypes.
For those of you who don’t identify with male or female genders or who are transitioning from one gender to another, you could be negotiating any of these labels (as well as a whole load of other negative and offensive stereotypes and labels!)
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s partly correct
These slang terms are most commonly associated with the selected male and female gender stereotypes.
For those of you who don’t identify with male or female genders or who are transitioning from one gender to another, you could be negotiating any of these labels (as well as a whole load of other negative and offensive stereotypes and labels!)
", "notFinal": "That’s partly correct
These slang terms are most commonly associated with the selected male and female gender stereotypes.
For those of you who don’t identify with male or female genders or who are transitioning from one gender to another, you could be negotiating any of these labels (as well as a whole load of other negative and offensive stereotypes and labels!)
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s partly correct
These slang terms are most commonly associated with the selected male and female gender stereotypes.
For those of you who don’t identify with male or female genders or who are transitioning from one gender to another, you could be negotiating any of these labels (as well as a whole load of other negative and offensive stereotypes and labels!)
", "notFinal": "That’s partly correct
These slang terms are most commonly associated with the selected male and female gender stereotypes.
For those of you who don’t identify with male or female genders or who are transitioning from one gender to another, you could be negotiating any of these labels (as well as a whole load of other negative and offensive stereotypes and labels!)
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Ruby, research participant
As we have just seen, two people’s sexual expression or behaviour can be viewed in a completely different light because of their gender.
This is sometimes called 'the gender double standard' - where there is one standard for men and another (much harsher) standard for women.
These gender stereotypes can impact on you and your peers' capacity to negotiate consent in different ways.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8dc", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f851", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to explore the impact for men and women:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/bb078d9ff5d02ae043bb1f1383a851a714722dfe.png", "alt": "", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "As we have just seen, two people’s sexual expression or behaviour can be viewed in a completely different light because of their gender.
This is sometimes called 'the gender double standard' - where there is one standard for men and another (much harsher) standard for women.
These gender stereotypes can impact on you and your peers' capacity to negotiate consent in different ways.
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the hotspots to explore the impact for men and women:
", "_hidePagination": true, "_canCycleThroughPagination": false, "_useGraphicsAsPins": false, "_isRound": false, "_items": [ { "title": "Impact for men", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Words such as ‘stud’ or ‘player’ can build social status around sex and may influence a boy to consent more freely (potentially before he is ready for sexual activity). It may also help him feel good about the sexual experience he has had and want to share it with others.
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", "strapline": "Impact for women", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/44c38423b0acb9e8893bd27d2ddd5afb4c38f506.png", "alt": "Graphic of a female.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 35, "_top": 50 } ] }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "image_quote", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Quote", "displayTitle": "", "body": "[After I had sex for the first time] I was like \"Dad! I'm a man!\" Like I run in. I was like, \"Dad! I'm a man! I'm a man today!\"
Oscar, research participant
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8dd", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f852", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "media", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Oscar's story", "displayTitle": "Oscar's story", "body": "Duration: 6 mins
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8de", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f853", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_media": { "mp4": "", "ogv": "", "webm": "", "mp3": "", "source": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iYuvlVgrVE", "type": "video/youtube", "poster": "", "cc": [] }, "_setCompletionOn": "play", "_useClosedCaptions": false, "_startLanguage": "en", "_showVolumeControl": false, "_startVolume": "80%", "_allowFullScreen": false, "_pauseWhenOffScreen": false, "_playsinline": false, "_preventForwardScrubbing": false, "_transcript": { "_setCompletionOnView": true, "_inlineTranscript": false, "_externalTranscript": false, "inlineTranscriptButton": "", "inlineTranscriptCloseButton": "", "inlineTranscriptBody": "", "transcriptLinkButton": "", "transcriptLink": "" }, "_playerOptions": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "image_quote", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Quote", "displayTitle": "", "body": "\"Sometimes I feel like I just want to grab the person (laughing) and throw them on the bed. But I can't do that cos that's something a man would do.\"
Beyonce, research participant
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8df", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f854", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Other factors", "displayTitle": "Other factors", "body": "Struggles with consent are not just down to gender. How you understand consent will depend upon many factors.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8e0", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f855", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button for more information:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "You", "body": "All of these things, and more, can play a role in how you consent to something.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "Context of the encounter", "body": "You may not feel safe and/or in control.
It may be difficult for you to find a way out of the situation or express your preferences.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "Past experiences (or lack of)", "body": "Your understanding of consent may be based on a bad experience.
Alternatively, if your partner is older or more experienced, you may feel less confident in sharing your true feelings.
You may be drawing on what you’ve witnessed within:
All of these may or may not tally with what we’d consider to be ‘good’ consent.
“Sex before marriage is, for me, a complete no… you’ll, you’ll get looked down on. Basically, in the weddings and stuff virginity is a big thing. It’s like your pride, your honour, like among us and it’s even proven,’ cos like you get a red ribbon tied around your waist to prove your virginity in your wedding. And your brother or your dad does it, because they’re male and they’re your family, they’re meant to protect you.”
Yaz, research participant
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8e1", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f856", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "hotgraphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Everyday sexism", "displayTitle": "Everyday sexism", "body": "So, we've looked at various factors which play a role in consent. Let's now explore how, as a society, we may be contributing to the problem.
Many of you, whatever your gender, will agree that all of the behaviours in this chart are unacceptable. But Brook's research suggests that many of you or your friends will experience some form of sexual harassment or violence.
It may feel strange to see sexist jokes and explicit violence on the same scale. But it shows how seemingly low-level behaviours are the first steps on a path of aggression that to some extent, has been sanctioned by society.
REF: Adapted from Liz Kelly's Continuum of Sexual Violence
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8e2", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f857", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to explore the Continuum of Sexual Violence:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/362460115ab8b774a3e0f9c099587f943947c4df.png", "alt": "Graphic of a pyramid split into 4 sections.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "So, we've looked at various factors which play a role in consent. Let's now explore how, as a society, we may be contributing to the problem.
Many of you, whatever your gender, will agree that all of the behaviours in this chart are unacceptable. But Brook's research suggests that many of you or your friends will experience some form of sexual harassment or violence.
It may feel strange to see sexist jokes and explicit violence on the same scale. But it shows how seemingly low-level behaviours are the first steps on a path of aggression that to some extent, has been sanctioned by society.
REF: Adapted from Liz Kelly's Continuum of Sexual Violence – LINK TBC
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the hotspots to explore the Continuum of Sexual Violence:
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", "strapline": "Rape / violence", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/00b9dd2d737f5bdb1de4bfe27ace28cc195be499.png", "alt": "Graphic highlighting the first section of the pyramid.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 60, "_top": 11.5 }, { "title": "Stealthing / groping / coercion / threats", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Stealthing (covert condom removal), groping, coercion and threats are all examples of where consent is absent. This is sexual assault.
", "strapline": "Stealthing / groping / coercion / threats", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/c10a149e56a88f1744687a3a44fd4e701e467e13.png", "alt": "Graphic highlighting the second section of the pyramid.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 69, "_top": 34.5 }, { "title": "Catcalling / ‘dick pics’ / revenge porn", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Catcalling is often minimised and ‘dick pics’ (unsolicited pictures of someone’s genitals) and revenge porn have become part of modern dating culture. These degrading acts of sexual harassment have become so common, they have their own buzzwords and are rarely reported.
", "strapline": "Catcalling / ‘dick pics’ / revenge porn", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/45e406dbc4fed27462b0943a53a3f95e5209ef4b.png", "alt": "Graphic highlighting third section of the pyramid.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 79.3, "_top": 59.8 }, { "title": "Sexist attitudes / jokes / unequal pay", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "By dismissing comments as banter, or not challenging inequality, we send a signal that they are acceptable. These examples are often normalised in society.
", "strapline": "Sexist attitudes / jokes / unequal pay", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/22f51285c44784a2adf5431469359a218d30e3ac.png", "alt": "Graphic highlighting the last section of the pyramid.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 89, "_top": 84.6 } ] }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "image_quote", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Quote", "displayTitle": "", "body": "“In a student culture promoting the increasingly militant silencing of girls' voices and objections, there is often little to challenge such attitudes as they flourish... Meanwhile this cocktail of prejudice is mixed against the normalising wider backdrop of more gender imbalance and casual sexism, as street harassment and similar displays of chauvinism are routinely witnessed. From seeing disparate pieces of women’s bodies co-opted to advertise products, to hearing them referred to as mere numbers on a scale out of ten, these young men have been encouraged at every turn to dehumanise their female peers... And to consider them merely as objects... It is important to acknowledge the extent to which these cultural factors combine to powerfully persuade young men that aggressive sexism is their expected role.”
Laura Bates, Everyday Sexism
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8e3", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f858", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "narrative", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Summing up", "displayTitle": "Summing up", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8e4", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f859", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Work your way through the slider to consider the key messages highlighted in this module:", "mobileInstruction": "Work your way through the slider to consider the key messages highlighted in this module:", "_hasNavigationInTextArea": false, "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "1. Defining consent", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Consent has become a slippery concept with a range of different (and often unhelpful) meanings that can be inadequate in this context. There are equally lots of different ways of being sexual with another person. However confusing it might seem, the most important thing to remember is that whatever way you choose to have sex, you always need consent from all people involved!
Always! Every time and throughout an encounter.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/03111e9c4df56c443f12acba4c79183809878920.png", "alt": "A graphical icon of 5 books in a row", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "1. Defining consent" }, { "title": "2. Gender norms and stereotypes", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Women are much more likely to experience sex against their will and the way that we understand and negotiate sex is shaped by gender norms and stereotypes. These may be changing but we still have quite some way to go.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/f7f701dc38d0afad11d5ce242f295256a9154a1f.png", "alt": "An icon of a pair of handcuffs", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "2. Gender norms and stereotypes" }, { "title": "3. Other influences", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "But struggles with consent are not just down to gender. Remember that how you understand consent will depend upon a number of influences around you.
It's important to pay attention to all these factors and how they can impact your capacity to negotiate consent.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/7829f42957e8465e66b61e17450d181acebcf073.png", "alt": "Graphic of 3 speach bubbles", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "3. Other influences" } ] }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "So, what have we learnt?", "displayTitle": "So, what have we learnt?", "body": "Think about:
Traditionally, the teaching of consent in relationships and sex education (RSE) is based on the legal framework. This might include legal definitions, the differences between sex and rape, and punishments when the law is broken.
Whilst hopefully you understand the legal information on consent, focusing on this can hinder your ability to practice consent in your everyday life.
Brook is passionate about creating opportunities to talk about good sexual communication. After all, consent is about ethics, rights and respect - not avoiding going to prison!
So, let’s now take an alternative look at sex, rape, consent and the law.
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Consent is defined as when a person:
‘Agrees by choice and has the capacity to make that choice.’
REMEMBER: Someone is unable to give their consent to sex or sexual activity if they are:
The legal age at which someone is seen as capable of giving consent is 16.
A child under 13 is considered as not having the capacity to consent in any circumstances.
It is considered illegal for 13-15-year olds to have sex, but the law is there to protect people from being abused by someone older rather than to punish people of the same age who both agree to consensual sex.
If two 13-15-year olds of the same age are having consensual sex they’re unlikely to be prosecuted.
This is actually part of the Equality Act 2010 and is unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature which:
Sexual harassment could include:
You don’t need to have previously objected to someone's behaviour for it to be considered unwanted.
Sexual violence is any sexual act, or attempt to carry out a sexual act, that takes place without the consent (agreement) of the person who has experienced it.
This includes, but is not limited to, situations where physical or other violence is used and includes sexual assault, rape, sexual abuse and sexual harassment.
In April 2019, upskirting also became a criminal offence under the Voyeurism Act and the Sexual Offences Act 2003.
The legal definition of rape is 'penetration with a penis of the vagina, anus or mouth of another person without their consent'. Other forms of sexual activity without consent are considered sexual assault which is when a person ‘intentionally touches’ someone in way that is sexual and without their consent.
Other forms of sexual assault can include:
The Crown Prosecution Service guidelines are clear that drunkenness is no defence for rape and that a person must have the mental capacity to consent to sexual activity.
Consent is a buzzword at the moment - both in universities and elsewhere. But consent has a long history with some key shifts and changes in the last 40 years.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8e9", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f837", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to reveal key points in the history of consent:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/6b3da260a9f9e88d6a59d6deb2a2e2cf0edee1cf.png", "alt": "Graphic showing a timeline from year 1980 to year 2017.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "Consent is a buzzword at the moment - both in universities and elsewhere. But consent has a long history with some key shifts and changes in the last 40 years.
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the hotspots to reveal key points in the history of consent:
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Criminal law: rape with marriage
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Stonewall Scotland: Sexual offences law
", "strapline": "1980: Age of homosexual consent is set at 21 in Scotland", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/0ca399aa394fd0ced8672fb7e4bce6e3471cb85a.png", "alt": "Graphic of 21 in a circle to indicate younger than 21.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 2.6, "_top": 72 }, { "title": "1982: Age of homosexual consent is set at 21 in Northern Ireland", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Sex between two men over the age of 21 ‘in private’ is decriminalised in Northern Ireland.
Stonewall: Key dates for lesbian, gay, bi and trans equality
", "strapline": "1982: Age of homosexual consent is set at 21 in Northern Ireland", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/0ca399aa394fd0ced8672fb7e4bce6e3471cb85a.png", "alt": "Graphic of 21 in a circle to indicate younger than 21.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 11.4, "_top": 1.8 }, { "title": "1990s: LGBT activists and stonewall fight for homosexual age of consent to be equal to heterosexual relationships", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "In the 1980s and 1990s LGBT activists and Stonewall called for the legal age of sexual consent to be equal for homosexual and heterosexual sex. In 1994, after much campaigning the age for sex between men was lowered from 21 to 18 and in 2003 to 16 as part of the Sexual Offences Act.
Stonewall: Key dates for lesbian, gay, bi and trans equality
", "strapline": "1990s: LGBT activists and stonewall fight for homosexual age of consent to be equal to heterosexual relationships", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/cdc7b60060f3ec3851776d2c965153029686aa5e.png", "alt": "Graphic of a LGBT icon.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 22.4, "_top": 72 }, { "title": "1991: Rape in marriage is legally recognised", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Before 1991, rape within marriage wasn't a crime.
This was the result of feminist campaigning and championing sexual and reproductive rights.
", "strapline": "1991: Rape in marriage is legally recognised", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/8aaca66d0d6baabaac44a89ee359b63d1eedcd07.png", "alt": "Graphic of a ring.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 30.3, "_top": 1.8 }, { "title": "1994: Age of homosexual consent lowers to 18", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 saw the age of consent lowered to 18, despite calls for it to be lowered to 16 to match heterosexual consent.
Stonewall: Key dates for lesbian, gay, bi and trans equality
", "strapline": "1994: Age of homosexual consent lowers to 18", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/035f65e3780ecb5810e0d7cb8711e190b9698d83.png", "alt": "Graphic of 18 in a circle to indicate younger than 18.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 40.1, "_top": 72 }, { "title": "2000: Age of homosexual consent lowers to 16 in England and Scotland", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Thanks to a Stonewall campaign, the age of consent for same-sex relations between men aged 16 is successful and changes were made to the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000.
Stonewall: Key dates for lesbian, gay, bi and trans equality
", "strapline": "2000: Age of homosexual consent lowers to 16 in England and Scotland", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/6b63e9a50db55317f8eb8d2c6ce1606802e44516.png", "alt": "Graphic of 16 in a circle to indicate younger than 16.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 52.2, "_top": 1.8 }, { "title": "2003: Sexual Offences Act", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "The Government believed that existing laws, including rape laws, were out of date.
Reflecting changing social attitudes, the act was substantially reformed to offer greater protection to children and vulnerable adults.
", "strapline": "2003: Sexual Offences Act", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/ad327c72dd7ad7e4b640aa2c48f8e361543bf45f.png", "alt": "Graphic of a legal document.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 61.5, "_top": 72 }, { "title": "2014: Independent inquiry into child sexual abuse", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "
This was set up to examine how British institutions have handled their duty of care to protect children from sexual abuse.
It followed investigations including those of Operation Yewtree, which led to the conviction of several prominent \"household names\" in the media, including prominent politicians and celebrities such as Jimmy Savile.
", "strapline": "2014: Independent inquiry into child sexual abuse", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/ea13b340629049d7767afacf677209614d8a6343.png", "alt": "Graphic of a gavel.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 74.7, "_top": 1.8 }, { "title": "2015: Revenge porn is made illegal", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Revenge porn is classified as a sexual offence in the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015. It's described as \"the sharing of private, sexual materials, either photos or videos, of another person without their consent and with the purpose of causing embarrassment or distress\".
If found guilty of revenge porn, you could face a prison sentence of up to two years.
New law to tackle revenge porn
", "strapline": "2015: Revenge porn is made illegal", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/287e4ece030fea57a9eb4d9b8b5081bb211b0c77.png", "alt": "Graphic indicating pornography on a laptop.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 82.9, "_top": 72 }, { "title": "2017: #MeToo movement", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "The sexual misdeeds of Harvey Weinstein unleashed fury over the ways women are mistreated.
Using a phrase first coined in 2006, #MeToo has forced conversations about gender and power and led to an outpouring of people sharing experiences of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and everyday, casual sexism.
", "strapline": "2017: #MeToo movement", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/dcc272456eebb021a05ed1057b0fca993420243a.png", "alt": "Graphic of a mobile phone.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 92, "_top": 1.8 } ] }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Busting the myths", "displayTitle": "Busting the myths", "body": "
Common myths can often shape the way we think about sex, rape and consent. It can be great to explore these with your friends.
So, let’s now take a closer look and reveal the truth about some of these common myths.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8ea", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f839", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "If two people have had sex with each other before, it's always ok to have sex again.
That’s right
Just because you had sex with someone before, doesn’t mean that you have to have sex with them again.
It’s always up to you if you want to and consent must be sought and given EVERY time.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Just because you had sex with someone before, doesn’t mean that you have to have sex with them again.
It’s always up to you if you want to and consent must be sought and given EVERY time.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Just because you had sex with someone before, doesn’t mean that you have to have sex with them again.
It’s always up to you if you want to and consent must be sought and given EVERY time.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Just because you had sex with someone before, doesn’t mean that you have to have sex with them again.
It’s always up to you if you want to and consent must be sought and given EVERY time.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Just because you had sex with someone before, doesn’t mean that you have to have sex with them again.
It’s always up to you if you want to and consent must be sought and given EVERY time.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "If your body is turned on, then you are giving consent.
That’s right
Sometimes our bodies will be turned on when we don’t want to engage in sexual activity.
Even if a penis is erect or a vulva is wet – if you do not want to have sex, you do not have to! Neither of these are an invitation to continue having sex or to make you engage in sexual activities of any kind.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Sometimes our bodies will be turned on when we don’t want to engage in sexual activity.
Even if a penis is erect or a vulva is wet – if you do not want to have sex, you do not have to! Neither of these are an invitation to continue having sex or to make you engage in sexual activities of any kind.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Sometimes our bodies will be turned on when we don’t want to engage in sexual activity.
Even if a penis is erect or the vagina is wet – if you do not want to have sex, you do not have to! Neither of these are an invitation to continue having sex or to make you engage in sexual activities of any kind.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Sometimes our bodies will be turned on when we don’t want to engage in sexual activity.
Even if a penis is erect or the vagina is wet – if you do not want to have sex, you do not have to! Neither of these are an invitation to continue having sex or to make you engage in sexual activities of any kind.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Sometimes our bodies will be turned on when we don’t want to engage in sexual activity.
Even if a penis is erect or the vagina is wet – if you do not want to have sex, you do not have to! Neither of these are an invitation to continue having sex or to make you engage in sexual activities of any kind.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8ed", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f835", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a bed.", "large": "course/en/assets/bcebe2f2f24e7725a6254020a9f81736fc2ba3b0.png", "small": "course/en/assets/bcebe2f2f24e7725a6254020a9f81736fc2ba3b0.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8ee", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f85c", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a person with a lightening bolt.", "large": "course/en/assets/f0bfd26afcd40cb4506942817019d11a8af8ca4f.png", "small": "course/en/assets/f0bfd26afcd40cb4506942817019d11a8af8ca4f.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "There is no such thing as rape in marriage.
That’s right
Marriage is not an entitlement to have sex. Everyone has the right to say no and yes to sex at all times, whatever the legal status of the relationship.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Marriage is not an entitlement to have sex. Everyone has the right to say no and yes to sex at all times, whatever the legal status of the relationship.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Marriage is not an entitlement to have sex. Everyone has the right to say no and yes to sex at all times, whatever the legal status of the relationship.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Marriage is not an entitlement to have sex. Everyone has the right to say no and yes to sex at all times, whatever the legal status of the relationship.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Marriage is not an entitlement to have sex. Everyone has the right to say no and yes to sex at all times, whatever the legal status of the relationship.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8f0", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f85d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a wedding ring.", "large": "course/en/assets/48b9a0250a895748d0bd0040b1e4818db37fcbee.png", "small": "course/en/assets/48b9a0250a895748d0bd0040b1e4818db37fcbee.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "Women can be raped by other women.
That’s right
Women can sexually assault other women but in law, the offence of rape is defined as non-consensual penetration with a penis. Non-consensual penetration with anything other than a penis is defined as ‘Sexual Assault by Penetration’ - this definition can feel restrictive and unhelpful to survivors of sexual violence.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Women can sexually assault other women but in law, the offence of rape is defined as non-consensual penetration with a penis. Non-consensual penetration with anything other than a penis is defined as ‘Sexual Assault by Penetration’ - this definition can feel restrictive and unhelpful to survivors of sexual violence.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Women can sexually assault other women but in law, the offence of rape is defined as non-consensual penetration with a penis. Non-consensual penetration with anything other than a penis is defined as ‘Sexual Assault by Penetration’ - this definition can feel restrictive and unhelpful to survivors of sexual violence.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Women can sexually assault other women but in law, the offence of rape is defined as non-consensual penetration with a penis. Non-consensual penetration with anything other than a penis is defined as ‘Sexual Assault by Penetration’ - this definition can feel restrictive and unhelpful to survivors of sexual violence.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Women can sexually assault other women but in law, the offence of rape is defined as non-consensual penetration with a penis. Non-consensual penetration with anything other than a penis is defined as ‘Sexual Assault by Penetration’ - this definition can feel restrictive and unhelpful to survivors of sexual violence.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8f2", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f85e", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of two female symbols.", "large": "course/en/assets/53e1532500730910cc194a664c17a32e8bf10fd0.png", "small": "course/en/assets/53e1532500730910cc194a664c17a32e8bf10fd0.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "Men don’t get raped and women don’t commit sexual offences.
That’s right
The majority of sexual assaults and rapes are committed by men against women and children, but a small number of women do perpetrate sexual violence. Men are also raped and sexually assaulted.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The majority of sexual assaults and rapes are committed by men against women and children, but a small number of women do perpetrate sexual violence. Men are also raped and sexually assaulted.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The majority of sexual assaults and rapes are committed by men against women and children, but a small number of women do perpetrate sexual violence. Men are also raped and sexually assaulted.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The majority of sexual assaults and rapes are committed by men against women and children, but a small number of women do perpetrate sexual violence. Men are also raped and sexually assaulted.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The majority of sexual assaults and rapes are committed by men against women and children, but a small number of women do perpetrate sexual violence. Men are also raped and sexually assaulted.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8f4", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f85f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a male and female symbol.", "large": "course/en/assets/4fd4846a8a19e7c7b39a4c5da4917705387b0a4b.png", "small": "course/en/assets/4fd4846a8a19e7c7b39a4c5da4917705387b0a4b.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "Women and girls, who flirt and wear sexy clothes are ‘asking for it’.
That’s right
There is no excuse for sexual violence, and it is never the victim/survivor's fault.
Whether or not someone is flirting, has dressed a certain way or has laughed at the other person’s jokes is irrelevant. Clothes are not consent, and neither is flirting.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
There is no excuse for sexual violence, and it is never the victim/survivor's fault.
Whether or not someone is flirting, has dressed a certain way or has laughed at the other person’s jokes is irrelevant. Clothes are not consent, and neither is flirting.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
There is no excuse for sexual violence, and it is never the victim/survivor's fault.
Whether or not someone is flirting, has dressed a certain way or has laughed at the other person’s jokes is irrelevant. Clothes are not consent, and neither is flirting.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
There is no excuse for sexual violence, and it is never the victim/survivor's fault.
Whether or not someone is flirting, has dressed a certain way or has laughed at the other person’s jokes is irrelevant. Clothes are not consent, and neither is flirting.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
There is no excuse for sexual violence, and it is never the victim/survivor's fault.
Whether or not someone is flirting, has dressed a certain way or has laughed at the other person’s jokes is irrelevant. Clothes are not consent, and neither is flirting.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8f6", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f860", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of feminine clothing.", "large": "course/en/assets/49320caeeb6fb4041793b2a7957d2d57d9a6ab27.png", "small": "course/en/assets/49320caeeb6fb4041793b2a7957d2d57d9a6ab27.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "It’s fine to have sex with someone if they’re drunk or high.
That’s right
Legally speaking, people who are drunk or high can’t consent to sex. This includes any kind of sexual activity, like kissing or fondling.
Having sex or sexual contact with someone too drunk or high to understand what is happening is rape, as they cannot consent.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Legally speaking, people who are drunk or high can’t consent to sex. This includes any kind of sexual activity, like kissing or fondling.
Having sex or sexual contact with someone too drunk or high to understand what is happening is rape, as they cannot consent.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Legally speaking, people who are drunk or high can’t consent to sex. This includes any kind of sexual activity, like kissing or fondling.
Having sex or sexual contact with someone too drunk or high to understand what is happening is rape, as they cannot consent.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
Legally speaking, people who are drunk or high can’t consent to sex. This includes any kind of sexual activity, like kissing or fondling.
Having sex or sexual contact with someone too drunk or high to understand what is happening is rape, as they cannot consent.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
Legally speaking, people who are drunk or high can’t consent to sex. This includes any kind of sexual activity, like kissing or fondling.
Having sex or sexual contact with someone too drunk or high to understand what is happening is rape, as they cannot consent.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8f8", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f861", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of alcohol.", "large": "course/en/assets/1599b6c8f67e4e44f019c3dfa4e70aa7700e7483.png", "small": "course/en/assets/1599b6c8f67e4e44f019c3dfa4e70aa7700e7483.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "Under 16s cannot consent to have sex.
That’s right
The Sexual Offences Act states that a child under 13 does not have the capacity to consent to sex under any circumstances and that sex under 16 is ‘unlawful’.
This means that there is a grey area around sex between 13-15 years. It is widely judged that most 13-15-year olds can consent to engage in sexual activity with a partner of a similar age.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The Sexual Offences Act states that a child under 13 does not have the capacity to consent to sex under any circumstances and that sex under 16 is ‘unlawful’.
This means that there is a grey area around sex between 13-15 years. It is widely judged that most 13-15-year olds can consent to engage in sexual activity with a partner of a similar age.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The Sexual Offences Act states that a child under 13 does not have the capacity to consent to sex under any circumstances and that sex under 16 is ‘unlawful’.
This means that there is a grey area around sex between 13-15 years. It is widely judged that most 13-15-year olds can consent to engage in sexual activity with a partner of a similar age.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The Sexual Offences Act states that a child under 13 does not have the capacity to consent to sex under any circumstances and that sex under 16 is ‘unlawful’.
This means that there is a grey area around sex between 13-15 years. It is widely judged that most 13-15-year olds can consent to engage in sexual activity with a partner of a similar age.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The Sexual Offences Act states that a child under 13 does not have the capacity to consent to sex under any circumstances and that sex under 16 is ‘unlawful’.
This means that there is a grey area around sex between 13-15 years. It is widely judged that most 13-15-year olds can consent to engage in sexual activity with a partner of a similar age.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8fa", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f862", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic indicating under 16 years of age.", "large": "course/en/assets/4a738b3830d9b8c9e90c0b53cc3c1401884e6e8f.png", "small": "course/en/assets/4a738b3830d9b8c9e90c0b53cc3c1401884e6e8f.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "True or False?", "displayTitle": "True or False?", "body": "You only need to consent when it comes to penetrative sex.
That’s right
There are many different ways of having sex with someone - many of which don’t involve penetration. You need consent for all types of sex.
The law isn’t always helpful here, defining ‘rape’ as penetration by someone with a penis. People of all genders need to ask for consent. And consenting to one act does not mean you have consented to everything.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
There are many different ways of having sex with someone - many of which don’t involve penetration. You need consent for all types of sex.
The law isn’t always helpful here, defining ‘rape’ as penetration by someone with a penis. People of all genders need to ask for consent. And consenting to one act does not mean you have consented to everything.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
There are many different ways of having sex with someone - many of which don’t involve penetration. You need consent for all types of sex.
The law isn’t always helpful here, defining ‘rape’ as penetration by someone with a penis. People of all genders need to ask for consent. And consenting to one act does not mean you have consented to everything.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
There are many different ways of having sex with someone - many of which don’t involve penetration. You need consent for all types of sex.
The law isn’t always helpful here, defining ‘rape’ as penetration by someone with a penis. People of all genders need to ask for consent. And consenting to one act does not mean you have consented to everything.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
There are many different ways of having sex with someone - many of which don’t involve penetration. You need consent for all types of sex.
The law isn’t always helpful here, defining ‘rape’ as penetration by someone with a penis. People of all genders need to ask for consent. And consenting to one act does not mean you have consented to everything.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8fc", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f863", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a condom.", "large": "course/en/assets/be21ae70fc2aa7a750a79f9ade4ce203b2464034.png", "small": "course/en/assets/be21ae70fc2aa7a750a79f9ade4ce203b2464034.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "slider", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What percentage of students do you think know it’s not possible to give consent when drunk or high?", "displayTitle": "That’s right
In Brook's 2019 survey, 52% of students knew it wasn't possible to give consent when drunk or high.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
In Brook's 2019 survey, 52% of students knew it wasn't possible to give consent when drunk or high.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
In Brook's 2019 survey, 52% of students knew it wasn't possible to give consent when drunk or high.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Drink and drugs", "displayTitle": "Drink and drugs", "body": "Let's face facts, it is possible to have consensual sexual experiences when drunk or high. What's more, alcohol will often relieve us of anxieties, boost our confidence and removes our inhibitions; all of which can result in the desire to have sex.
But the problem with alcohol (and drugs) is that they can alter the way we think, feel, communicate and behave. They can also have unpredictable effects on us. One minute you might feel fine, the next, you could be out of it. Alcohol and drugs may also affect your ability to read someone else and what they do and don't want.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8fe", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f83d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button for more information:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "What does the law say?", "body": "The law says that we need 'capacity' to consent. Capacity means our ability to do or understand something.
Clearly this becomes more complicated when alcohol and drugs are involved. And there is no magic number of drinks that make us able or unable to consent.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" } ], "_shouldCollapseItems": true }, { "_component": "narrative", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Summing up", "displayTitle": "Summing up", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f8ff", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f83e", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Work your way through the slider to consider the key messages highlighted in this module:", "mobileInstruction": "Work your way through the slider to consider the key messages highlighted in this module:", "_hasNavigationInTextArea": false, "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "1. Awareness of the law", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "It's important that we all know about the legal age of consent, the law and what non-consensual sex is. But this knowledge alone won’t help you to negotiate consent throughout your life.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/b887df810c9eccd749653b59187c0c5beaaf34f8.png", "alt": "Graphic of a legal letter", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "1. Awareness of the law" }, { "title": "2. Confusion around consent", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "The legal framework makes consensual sex and rape seem very black and white but in reality, consent can be muddled, ambiguous and confusing.
This was evident in Brook's survey of students. 48% of respondents didn't know that legally speaking, someone cannot consent to sex or sexual activity when drunk or high. There was also significant confusion about the law protecting us all from unwanted sexual behaviours.
In the next module we look at the Consent Continuum (developed by Dr Elsie Whittington) as an alternative framework for exploring these ‘grey areas’ of consent.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/ddaf6b0692aa302173e144cc92ef41780ccefd75.png", "alt": "Graphic of some question marks", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "2. Confusion around consent" } ] }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "component-left-13", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Red", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f900", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f864", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Graphic of a book with the Brook logo on.", "large": "course/en/assets/87c34f219947eff9d7ad7f16090e627cc2eb9e48.png", "small": "course/en/assets/87c34f219947eff9d7ad7f16090e627cc2eb9e48.png", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "So, what have we learnt?", "displayTitle": "So, what have we learnt?", "body": "Think about:
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
The subject of consent is often approached quite simplistically as a matter of ‘yes’ and ‘no’. But as Dr Elsie Whittington’s research showed, this rarely matches up with younger people’s sexual and relationship experiences.
Similarly, understanding and defining sexual violence often relies on the extreme distinctions of ‘consensual sex’ or ‘rape’. But Elsie’s research confirmed that this could alienate people from recognising lower levels of sexual violence and coercion.
Please note: when we talk about grey areas in this course, these are grey areas that young people themselves described their experiences as fitting into. There are no legal grey areas.
As we have seen, it can be difficult to make confident decisions about whether a sexual experience is consensual or not. Whilst there are occasions when the absence or presence of consent is clear and explicit, there are also many scenarios in which we feel uncertain, ambivalent or confused.
And while the legal framework might make things seem simple, it doesn’t provide us with clear answers for real life situations or offer the techniques to communicate and negotiate consent.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/f033d252ce49ef0c4020eb663545cf158dc6aabd.png", "alt": "Graphic of a pairs of scales equally balanced", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "Grey areas" }, { "title": "Communication in sex", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "These scenarios highlight the importance of communication in sex and finding opportunities to discuss if something is ok, or not. Being armed with the confidence and the vocabulary to discuss sex is key - without it, you will be left operating in those grey areas.
In the next and final module, we’re going to discuss the communication tools needed to get and give consent.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/c934db2eacc0b264d22eee62265511ec0fbf102c.png", "alt": "Graphic of a 2 speech bubbles having a conversation", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "Communication in sex" } ] }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "So, what have we learnt?", "displayTitle": "So, what have we learnt?", "body": "Think about:
So, let’s start by trying to apply a black and white view of consent to the following five scenarios.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f90a", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86a", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "1. Kirsty and Pete", "displayTitle": "1. Kirsty and Pete", "body": "Kirsty meets Pete in a club and after kissing, goes back to his.
He fingers her in the taxi but once back at his house, she tells him she's changed her mind and didn’t want to have sex now. He tells her that she's a ‘tease’ and could at least give him a blowjob. She feels really guilty, so does it.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f90b", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f868", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "WIDE IMAGE", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f90c", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86b", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a girl sat in her bedroom.", "large": "course/en/assets/be238365ba85222eb7d38a9ac12935ba192e7a01.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/be238365ba85222eb7d38a9ac12935ba192e7a01.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "2. Taylor and Alex", "displayTitle": "2. Taylor and Alex", "body": "Taylor and Alex have been together for 12 months. They have an active sex life but one night, Taylor asks Alex to stop because it hurts. Alex is just about to come, so carries on for about another 20 seconds. He comes and then stops.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f90d", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86b", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "WIDE IMAGE", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f90e", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86c", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a couple smiling together.", "large": "course/en/assets/ba2d424b7c893cdb73fd067bb936e9db7df5d789.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/ba2d424b7c893cdb73fd067bb936e9db7df5d789.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "3. Kerry and Stu", "displayTitle": "3. Kerry and Stu", "body": "Kerry is 20, in her first year at university and has recently started seeing Stu, 39. Stu is an associate tutor and they met while he was teaching a module on her degree.
Kerry sought out additional support with essay writing and over time, they started meeting in pubs and cafes off campus. They're having sex and Kerry would love to introduce him to her friends and have more say over when and where they meet up for sex. Stu feels it’s best to keep things quiet and doesn't want to meet her friends.
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It's very routine and they never talk about it. Sex is over as soon as Nav comes and Jaz never has an orgasm. Jaz would rather read but decides having sex is worth it, as it makes the relationship smoother.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f911", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "WIDE IMAGE", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f912", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86e", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a young man sat on his own on the beach.", "large": "course/en/assets/d0662bf0779e692a4853207ba356765df6f2f2e7.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/d0662bf0779e692a4853207ba356765df6f2f2e7.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "5. Harrison and Mohamed", "displayTitle": "5. Harrison and Mohamed", "body": "Harrison and Mohamed met in their first year at university together. They have been in a relationship for 2 years, but things are pretty rocky.
Whilst on holiday, they decide to end their relationship at the end of the trip. Mohamed doesn’t want to have sex as it will make things complicated. Harrison says this makes him feel undesirable and ugly. One morning, Mohamed wakes up to Harrison stroking and caressing him. He gets hard and Harrison takes this as a sign to carry on. Mohamed feels awkward and doesn’t have the energy to stop it.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f913", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86e", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "WIDE IMAGE", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f914", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a young boy leaning against a wall.", "large": "course/en/assets/fa4c18799811cae896ba16ed435b694d788e047f.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/fa4c18799811cae896ba16ed435b694d788e047f.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Are ‘yes’ and ‘no’ sufficient?", "displayTitle": "Are ‘yes’ and ‘no’ sufficient?", "body": "As that exercise hopefully demonstrated, it's not always easy to categorise sexual experiences using such a clear-cut binary as ‘yes’ and ‘no’ - even if the law is very clear cut.
So, what other models can we use to help make sense of sexual experiences?
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f915", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f86f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "hotgraphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "The consent continuum", "displayTitle": "The consent continuum", "body": "Dr Elsie has developed a continuum that captures what young people tend to think and say about the grey areas between consensual sex and rape.
Remember: Many 'grey area' encounters would be legally defined as rape or sexual assault but for many complicated reasons, some people find it easier not to label them as such.
Dr Elsie has developed a continuum that captures what young people tend to think and say about the grey areas between consensual sex and rape.
Remember: Many 'grey area' encounters would be legally defined as rape or sexual assault but for many complicated reasons, some people find it easier not to label them as such.
Click on the buttons to find out more about each category:
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Other forms of sexual assault can include:
The Crown Prosecution Service guidelines are clear that drunkenness is no defence for rape and that a person must have the mental capacity to consent to sexual activity.
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Lots of behaviour that can be categorised as sexual harassment might fall under this part of the continuum.
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"text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Communication and negotiation occurs ", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": true } ] }, { "text": "There may be some desire from at least one person", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Explicit resistance and/or use of force", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Sex may have been unwanted and forced but it wasn’t violent", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Sex is wanted but explicit consent is neither sought nor given", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Consent is explicitly sought and given", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": true } ] }, { "text": "There is mutual desire ", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": true } ] }, { "text": "One partner feels obliged to participate in sexual activity", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Clear violation of boundaries", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "Opportunity for choice/participation not given", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] }, { "text": "It would be possible to express a no or stop", "_options": [ { "text": "Rape and sexual assault", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Non consent", "_isCorrect": false }, { "text": "Passive consent", "_isCorrect": true }, { "text": "Active consent", "_isCorrect": false } ] } ], "_feedback": { "title": "Feedback:", "correct": "Thank you.
Let’s now think about where you feel the following behaviours belong within the new Consent Continuum categories.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "Thank you.
Let’s now think about where you feel the following behaviours belong within the new Consent Continuum categories.
", "notFinal": "Thank you.
Let’s now think about where you feel the following behaviours belong within the new Consent Continuum categories.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "Thank you.
Let’s now think about where you feel the following behaviours belong within the new Consent Continuum categories.
", "notFinal": "Thank you.
Let’s now think about where you feel the following behaviours belong within the new Consent Continuum categories.
" } }, "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "remainingAttemptsText": "", "remainingAttemptText": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Dr Elsie's consent continuum", "displayTitle": "Dr Elsie's consent continuum", "body": "Now you've had a go at placing the behaviours in each of the four categories, let’s explore a simplified version of the consent continuum, that Dr Elsie developed with young people - based on how they spoke about and categorised different elements of consent and sexual violation.
We have provided this to give you something more definitive to help you understand consent better. This doesn't mean the position of some of the behaviours are not open to further debate.
| Rape and sexual assault | Non consent | Passive consent | Active consent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clear violation of boundaries | One partner feels obliged to participate in sexual activity | Sex is wanted but explicit consent is neither sought nor given | Consent is explicitly sought and given |
| Explicit resistance and/or use of force | Aversion to sex was not made explicit | There may be some desire from at least one person | There is mutual desire |
| Sex may have been unwanted and forced but it wasn't violent | Opportunity for choice/participation not given | It would be possible to express a no or stop | Communication and negotiation occurs |
Let’s now return to each of the previous scenarios and see if the Consent Continuum helps us to make sense of these sexual experiences.
It’s important to note that what counts as a ‘grey area’ between ‘consensual sex’ and ‘rape’ will differ for each person, context and relationship. These experiences can be difficult to talk about, but research suggests this is where many people’s experiences lie.
Doing this may leave you feeling conflicted and your views may vary from your friends. And whilst we haven’t provided a definitive answer (there is no such thing!), consider Dr Elsie’s suggestions in each scenario feedback.
REMEMBER: When we talk about grey areas, these are grey areas that young people themselves described their experiences as fitting into. There are no legal grey areas.
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
As we have seen so far, whether we are negotiating consent for a kiss or an intimate sexual experience, consent can be complicated.
In this final module we look at practical ways of negotiating consent. This starts with good communication. It doesn’t have to be verbal, but it does involve:
Jameela Jamil: The New Age of Consent
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The more we can practise talking about sex, desire, relationships, pleasure and the body; the less awkward it becomes and in turn, easier to communicate. No matter how bumpy or stilted this communication is, practising consent every time we have sex and throughout a sexual encounter is always the right approach.
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“My experience has been that young people are actually quite clear cut [in their understanding of consent]. However, when it comes down to it, and their own personal experiences... [that] is when that ambiguity starts to set in... So, it's about recognising that life isn't as simple as it might be in a scenario”
Brook Education Worker
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f923", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f87a", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "narrative", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What do you want?", "displayTitle": "What do you want?", "body": "Let’s start with you. Practising good consent involves checking in with yourself and thinking about your feelings, emotions and body.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f924", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f87b", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Work your way through the slider for examples of how someone might feel when they’re about to have sex:", "mobileInstruction": "Work your way through the slider for examples of how someone might feel when they’re about to have sex:", "_hasNavigationInTextArea": false, "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Mental", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "'What am I thinking right now?'
'How am I feeling right now?'
'How's my body responding?'
Remember that although our bodies give us clues, we always need to take our emotions and thoughts into account as well.
Desire can also come and go quickly, especially if someone is nervous, tired or tense.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f925", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f87c", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/2bb3774ede25ef5e967472af8e9dd95456efec71.png", "alt": "Graphic of a person.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "Remember that although our bodies give us clues, we always need to take our emotions and thoughts into account as well.
Desire can also come and go quickly, especially if someone is nervous, tired or tense.
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:
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'TBC'
'TBC'
'TBC'
'TBC'
'TBC'
Practicing good consent doesn’t always have to stop the flow of sex. It means paying attention to your partner’s actions, words and sounds every time you have sex and throughout each sexual encounter.
REMEMBER: You should always check what they want or enjoy.
Ask your partner if sex is what they want and if it feels good.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/8976460ce8078987ad68f8a69df17cd7f1760ec7.png", "alt": "Graphic of a speech bubble.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "1. Ask" }, { "title": "2. Listen", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Listen to what they say.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/a721d2b22b0179613414297c4333cb0d6bef8bfd.png", "alt": "Graphic of an ear.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "2. Listen" }, { "title": "3. Read", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Read your partner’s body language.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/77bd568cb1c0dd7052211d0500ebf269e133ee67.png", "alt": "Graphic of an eye.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "3. Read" } ] }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What does your partner want?", "displayTitle": "What does your partner want?", "body": "Let’s now look at how to practice good consent in more detail…
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f927", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f878", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "hotgraphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "1. Ask", "displayTitle": "1. Ask", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f928", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f87d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the speech bubble hotspots to explore the sorts of questions you might ask your partner to establish what they want and how they feel:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/a38dd3c5fd1fc38145cf0ef391b11d4d53691652.png", "alt": "", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the speech bubble hotspots to explore the sorts of questions you might ask your partner to establish what they want and how they feel:
", "_hidePagination": true, "_canCycleThroughPagination": false, "_isNarrativeOnMobile": true, "_useNumberedPins": false, "_useGraphicsAsPins": false, "_isRound": false, "_items": [ { "title": "‘I’d like to try... What do you think?’", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "'TBC'
'TBC'
'TBC'
'TBC'
'TBC'
Well done!
But remember - Always stop if you hear any of the following:
That's incorrect
But remember - Always stop if you hear any of the following:
That's incorrect
But remember - Always stop if you hear any of the following:
That's partially correct
But remember - Always stop if you hear any of the following:
That's partially correct
But remember - Always stop if you hear any of the following:
It’s important that you always look for non-verbal clues, too. You can look out for signs that your partner wants sex.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f92a", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f87f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the buttons to explore the common signs for consent and non consent:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Signs for consent", "body": "The following signs may show consent at that moment:
REMEMBER: Consent needs to be sought every time you have sex and throughout the encounter!
Always stop if you notice any of the following signs:
Let’s now look at some real-life scenarios and explore how all parties have negotiated consent.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f92b", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f880", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Sara and Saed", "displayTitle": "", "body": "I remember the first time I was ever asked for sex, and when I say asked I mean he pulled a condom out from under the mattress and showed it to me while smiling excitedly.
There were a few people asleep in the same room, I was sixteen and I knew straight away that I did not want to have sex with him and that I wasn't even sure why I was in bed receiving sexual favours from him, he was not my type at all.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f92c", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f881", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Which of the following did Sara do to negotiate consent?", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f92d", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f882", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_items": [ { "text": "Paid attention to how she felt", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Acted on how she felt", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Suggested doing something else (non-sexual) together", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Explicitly says no", "_shouldBeSelected": false, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Made up an excuse", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" } ], "_attempts": 1, "_canShowModelAnswer": false, "_canShowFeedback": true, "_canShowMarking": true, "_shouldDisplayAttempts": false, "_isRandom": false, "_recordInteraction": true, "_questionWeight": 1, "_selectable": 5, "_feedback": { "title": "Feedback:", "correct": "That's right
Take a look at how Sara demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Sara demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Sara demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Sara demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Sara demonstrated the following elements:
That's right
Take a look at how Saed demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Saed demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Saed demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Saed demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Saed demonstrated the following elements:
I met this guy randomly in a town neither of us was from. We Facebooked and texted and I really fancied him and knew I wanted sex with him.
I told him, so he came to my town and booked a hotel room. When I walked in the bar we kissed, and it was a classic 'everything fades into the background' moment. I wanted to go straight to bed, but he was too nervous and wanted a few drinks. He'd just split up from his long-time partner and was a bit overwhelmed that I was so forward about wanting him.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f92f", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f884", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "mcq", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Which of the following did Matt do to negotiate consent?", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f930", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f885", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_items": [ { "text": "Tells Simon what he wants", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Noticed Simon’s nervousness", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Pays attention to Simon’s body language", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Pauses to ask if Simon wants him to stop", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" }, { "text": "Takes the decision to stop having sex", "_shouldBeSelected": true, "feedback": "" } ], "_attempts": 1, "_canShowModelAnswer": false, "_canShowFeedback": true, "_canShowMarking": true, "_shouldDisplayAttempts": false, "_isRandom": false, "_recordInteraction": true, "_questionWeight": 1, "_selectable": 5, "_feedback": { "title": "Feedback:", "correct": "That's right
Take a look at how Matt demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Matt demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Matt demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Matt demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Matt demonstrated the following elements:
That's right
Take a look at how Simon demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Simon demonstrated the following elements:
That's incorrect
Take a look at how Simon demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Simon demonstrated the following elements:
That's partially correct
Take a look at how Simon demonstrated the following elements:
It has to be acknowledged that for lots of us, conversations about what we want sexually can be awkward.
In fact, every person Dr Elsie spoke to as part of her research mentioned awkwardness. But why is this?
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f932", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f887", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Take a minute to jot down your own thoughts and compare with our suggestions.", "_canShowModelAnswer": false, "_canShowMarking": false, "placeholder": "Type your thoughts here...", "_allowedCharacters": 500, "remainingCharactersText": "Remaining characters", "_recordInteraction": false, "modelAnswer": "blah blah
", "savedMessage": "Changes saved", "_buttons": { "_submit": { "buttonText": "Submit", "ariaLabel": "Submit" }, "_showCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "Show model answer", "ariaLabel": "Show model answer" }, "_hideCorrectAnswer": { "buttonText": "Hide model answer", "ariaLabel": "Hide model answer" }, "_showFeedback": { "buttonText": "", "ariaLabel": "" }, "_reset": { "buttonText": "Reset", "ariaLabel": "Reset" } } }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "#Awkward", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f933", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f887", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the button to find out more:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Our suggestions", "body": "Seeking consent explicitly, and verbally, involves admitting that you are sexual and have desires. Because of the gender stereotypes we have already explored, this is something that young women are discouraged from doing.
By seeking a ‘yes’, you become vulnerable to a ‘no’ which can feel like outright rejection.
Seeking explicit and verbal consent may be viewed as 'ruining the moment' or a ‘mood killer’ because it disrupts the flow of things and makes clear what is about to happen.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" } ], "_shouldCollapseItems": true }, { "_component": "narrative", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Why do we feel awkward?", "displayTitle": "Why do we feel awkward?", "body": "The 2019 Brook consent survey asked students why they didn't feel confident in saying ‘no’ to sexual advances.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f934", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f888", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Work your way through the slider to find out the results:", "mobileInstruction": "Work your way through the slider to find out the results:", "_hasNavigationInTextArea": false, "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Didn’t want to offend someone", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Male - 68%
Female - 53%
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/be9347ec54f8079e4a8ce0f1f415cb7565ac1461.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 68% male and 53% female.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "Didn’t want to offend someone" }, { "title": "Didn’t want to make a big deal out of it", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "60%
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/4866d4e0776286ab4d17d8e18243f4a2793fc456.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 60%.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "Didn’t want to make a big deal out of it" }, { "title": "Was afraid of violence", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Male - 22%
Female - 60%
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/8b2143f7bb83809a68b0bdefda7ec938df6bdfa2.png", "alt": "Graphic showing 22% male and 60% female.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "Was afraid of violence" } ] }, { "_component": "hotgraphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Our top tips", "displayTitle": "Our top tips", "body": "A culture of politeness means that saying 'no' is not encouraged which becomes problematic in a sexual context. On top of this, many of us are also discouraged to openly discuss our sexual desires.
Clearly, none of us should find ourselves in a situation where sexual boundaries aren't being respected but if you are, here are some tips to help you manage these situations.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f935", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f889", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/207ff6333665aa3e174b665c5659beb7313cfde9.jpg", "alt": "4 images of young people in individual shapes.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "A culture of politeness means that saying 'no' is not encouraged which becomes problematic in a sexual context. On top of this, many of us are also discouraged to openly discuss our sexual desires.
Clearly, none of us should find ourselves in a situation where sexual boundaries aren't being respected but if you are, here are some tips to help you manage these situations.
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:
", "_hidePagination": true, "_canCycleThroughPagination": false, "_isNarrativeOnMobile": true, "_useNumberedPins": false, "_useGraphicsAsPins": false, "_isRound": false, "_items": [ { "title": "Think about what you want", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Maybe oral is OK, but full sex definitely isn't.
Or maybe you're happy to go all the way, but only if the situation is right.
Having a bit of an idea in advance can help give you confidence.
", "strapline": "Think about what you want", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/363d0f95e4a2a32bddf21e73e026ec4930584b3c.jpg", "alt": "Image of a girl with a blank expression.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 9.4, "_top": 49.4 }, { "title": "Talk to your partner", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Try having a chat with your partner about what you're happy doing and what you're not happy doing. Letting them know early on what you're up for can save any confusion later down the line.
You could also talk it through with a friend and practice how you’ll discuss it with your partner.
", "strapline": "Talk to your partner", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/6018e0e7627b851a6a494c06d073385b727e922b.jpg", "alt": "Image of a young couple.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 82.3, "_top": 80.5 }, { "title": "Practise saying no", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "It can help to practise what you might say if someone was putting pressure on you. It may feel a bit stupid, but that way you're more prepared for if or when the situation does ever come about.
", "strapline": "Practise saying no", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/b0c0a64a3c75ad2596ca321b2605b5757121f4e9.jpg", "alt": "Image of a girl looking out of a window.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 37.5, "_top": 39.3 }, { "title": "Plan an exit strategy", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Say something like:
“I like you, but I just want us to have fun tonight and not have sex” “I'm not feeling well”
Say you need time to think. It's OK to need time to decide on something.
You can always say you've just had an urgent phone call and need to go home.
REMEMBER: Before you go home with someone, set your phone to ring itself or get a mate to call you.
It's not always easy to show that you're upset or angry and you may worry about hurting their feelings. But remember you have the right to say no if you don't want to do something and you’re not doing anything wrong by saying no. The law is very clear that sex must involve consent (agreement). Sex without it, is rape.
If someone isn’t getting the hint or listening to you, showing you're upset with your tone of voice and body language will make your message stronger. Saying and repeating the words “stop” or \"no\" should help get the message across, as can saying why you want them to stop.
If you feel in danger in any way or feel that you might be forced to do something you don't want to do, then you need to get away from the situation as soon as possible.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f936", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88a", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f937", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88a", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of a girl standing in front of a pink door.", "large": "course/en/assets/a0b4e72eda7fabd2a512b24931b33ae18f5ea714.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/a0b4e72eda7fabd2a512b24931b33ae18f5ea714.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Module 5: Help and Support", "displayTitle": "Help and Support", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f938", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88b", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Help and Support", "displayTitle": "", "body": "By the end of this module, you will be able to:
We know that low numbers of students report unwanted sexual behaviour.
So, this module focuses on giving you practical advice and information on both reporting - and dealing with - unwanted sexual behaviour.
This includes information specific to University of Wales Trinity St David and how they can support and help you.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f93b", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "accordion", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Types of unwanted sexual behaviour", "displayTitle": "Types of unwanted sexual behaviour", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f93c", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88e", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the buttons to explore the definitions of different types of unwanted sexual behaviour:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "What is sexual harassment? ", "body": "Sexual harassment is unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature which:
You don’t need to have previously objected to someone's behaviour for it to be considered unwanted.
It can include:
Sexual violence is any sexual act, or attempt to carry out a sexual act, that takes place without the consent (agreement) of the person who has experienced it.
This includes, but is not limited to, situations where physical or other violence is used and includes sexual assault, rape, sexual abuse and sexual harassment.
In April 2019, upskirting also became a criminal offence under the Voyeurism Act and the Sexual Offences Act 2003.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "What is rape and sexual assault?", "body": "The legal definition of rape is 'penetration with a penis of the vagina, anus or mouth of another person without their consent'. Other forms of sexual activity without consent are considered sexual assault which is when a person ‘intentionally touches’ someone in way that is sexual and without their consent.
Other forms of sexual assault can include:
The Crown Prosecution Service guidelines are clear that drunkenness is no defence for rape and that a person must have the mental capacity to consent to sexual activity.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" } ], "_shouldCollapseItems": true }, { "_component": "graphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "New Component Title", "displayTitle": "", "body": "", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f93d", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88d", "_type": "component", "_layout": "left", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "", "_graphic": { "alt": "Image of two young people sat on some outside stairs.", "large": "course/en/assets/bebfe36fc4fec3ac7ca48894966176891abbe37b.jpg", "small": "course/en/assets/bebfe36fc4fec3ac7ca48894966176891abbe37b.jpg", "attribution": "" } }, { "_component": "hotgraphic", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Dealing with sexual harassment", "displayTitle": "Dealing with sexual harassment", "body": "If you have been sexually harassed, remember that it’s never your fault and no one should have to put up with it.
Here are a few tactics which could help you to try and manage the situation in the future.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f93e", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f88f", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/c2edd5d4dc749cbb651cbb330b3681e4917d7d68.jpg", "alt": "5 scattered images in shapes to represent each point.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "If you have been sexually harassed, remember that it’s never your fault and no one should have to put up with it.
Here are a few tactics which could help you to try and manage the situation in the future.
", "mobileInstruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:
", "_hidePagination": true, "_canCycleThroughPagination": false, "_isNarrativeOnMobile": true, "_useNumberedPins": false, "_useGraphicsAsPins": false, "_isRound": false, "_items": [ { "title": "Signal that it's not ok", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Send the message that it is not OK.
For example, try not to nervously laugh or smile when the harassment is happening.
", "strapline": "Signal that it's not ok", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/6bceb493da65194d86d8ef88aa1b31405819f83e.jpg", "alt": "Image of a young girl looking towards the camera.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 55.1, "_top": 28.1 }, { "title": "Ask them to stop", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "If you feel comfortable doing so, tell the person that you don’t like what they are doing and you want it to stop.
If you don’t feel safe confronting them, speak to someone else who can help.
", "strapline": "Ask them to stop", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/ae2782d140a83ab143153748da3db85cf888d2f4.jpg", "alt": "Image of a woman sat with a hot drink in a mug.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 28, "_top": 36.1 }, { "title": "Support others", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "If you’ve noticed it’s happening to another person as well, try and support each other both when it is happening and by reporting it together.
We'll look at some bystander interventions later in this module.
", "strapline": "Support others", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/75727b6c6af93863c552ccd1b5013561c91a87c3.jpg", "alt": "Image of a couple sat with their legs hanging off the side of a wall.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 70, "_top": 79.8 }, { "title": "Make a note of what happens", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Note when and where the sexual harassment happens.
", "strapline": "Make a note of what happens", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/69dd616c3636c1594da4d0e912659f89e707a028.jpg", "alt": "Image of a girl writing in a notebook.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 8.2, "_top": 71.4 }, { "title": "Report it", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Your uni should follow up and investigate your report.
If you are being sexually harassed at work or by your landlord, you are protected by the Equality Act 2010 which categorises sexual harassment under unlawful discrimination.
This also includes if you are being treated badly due to your reaction to the harassment.
Email: wellbeing-recpt@brookes.ac.uk and studentwelfare@brookes.ac.uk
Brookes Union Advice Service can provide independent advice on the options available, whether you are thinking about reporting to the police or the university.
You can email them at: su.advice@brookes.ac.uk
Brookes Union Sexual Health pages
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", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "2. Distract", "body": "You could distract either party, by interrupting the situation and changing the focus of the conversation.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "3. Delegate", "body": "Getting help from others is another good strategy.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "4. Delay", "body": "This option means keeping an eye on things but checking in later.
", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" } ], "_shouldCollapseItems": true }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "What if it’s not safe?", "displayTitle": "What if it’s not safe?", "body": "It's not always easy to intervene. You might be worried about getting into a fight, ruining the mood or confronting someone of a higher status.
You should also always consider your own personal safety. Only intervene when it is safe for you to do so.
If you or others are in danger, dial 999.
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The Intervention Initiative, developed by the University of the West of England, is a free resource with an educational toolkit, used by universities and colleges for the prevention of sexual coercion and domestic abuse in university settings.
Duration: 2 mins
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The Brook survey found that only 8% of students who had experienced sexual harassment or violence reported it.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The Brook survey found that only 8% of students who had experienced sexual harassment or violence reported it.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The Brook survey found that only 8% of students who had experienced sexual harassment or violence reported it.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That’s incorrect
The Brook survey found that only 8% of students who had experienced sexual harassment or violence reported it.
", "notFinal": "That’s incorrect
The Brook survey found that only 8% of students who had experienced sexual harassment or violence reported it.
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All of these could be common concerns with regards to reporting sexual harassment or violence. But remember, if you have experienced unwanted sexual behaviours, it's never your fault and you don't have to accept it or minimise it.
Not everyone wants to report experiences immediately, or ever. However, there's a lot of evidence to suggest that talking with friends, peers or specialist services can really help people to process their experiences. Accessing this kind of support does not require you to formally report an experience if you do not want or feel able to.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "That's partly correct
All of these could be common concerns with regards to reporting sexual harassment or violence. But remember, if you have experienced unwanted sexual behaviours, it's never your fault and you don't have to accept it or minimise it.
Not everyone wants to report experiences immediately, or ever. However, there's a lot of evidence to suggest that talking with friends, peers or specialist services can really help people to process their experiences. Accessing this kind of support does not require you to formally report an experience if you do not want or feel able to.
", "notFinal": "That's partly correct
All of these could be common concerns with regards to reporting sexual harassment or violence. But remember, if you have experienced unwanted sexual behaviours, it's never your fault and you don't have to accept it or minimise it.
Not everyone wants to report experiences immediately, or ever. However, there's a lot of evidence to suggest that talking with friends, peers or specialist services can really help people to process their experiences. Accessing this kind of support does not require you to formally report an experience if you do not want or feel able to.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "That's partly correct
All of these could be common concerns with regards to reporting sexual harassment or violence. But remember, if you have experienced unwanted sexual behaviours, it's never your fault and you don't have to accept it or minimise it.
Not everyone wants to report experiences immediately, or ever. However, there's a lot of evidence to suggest that talking with friends, peers or specialist services can really help people to process their experiences. Accessing this kind of support does not require you to formally report an experience if you do not want or feel able to.
", "notFinal": "That's partly correct
All of these could be common concerns with regards to reporting sexual harassment or violence. But remember, if you have experienced unwanted sexual behaviours, it's never your fault and you don't have to accept it or minimise it.
Not everyone wants to report experiences immediately, or ever. However, there's a lot of evidence to suggest that talking with friends, peers or specialist services can really help people to process their experiences. Accessing this kind of support does not require you to formally report an experience if you do not want or feel able to.
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Maybe you or a friend have had a one-off experience in the student union or perhaps you are being repeatedly pestered in public. Whatever the situation, don't feel you need to brush it off and ignore it.
There are steps you can take depending on where it is happening.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f945", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f895", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Click on the hotspots to find out more:", "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/e8e41a26aa0af73c270dd09314d5d0f3ce46f4e3.jpg", "alt": "3 scattered images in shapes to represent each point.", "attribution": "" }, "mobileBody": "The more people that report unwanted sexual behaviour, the better. But we know it’s not always easy for the reasons already outlined.
Maybe you or a friend have had a one-off experience in the student union or perhaps you are being repeatedly pestered in public. Whatever the situation, don't feel you need to brush it off and ignore it.
There are steps you can take depending on where it is happening.
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The University’s Safeguarding Officer is Catharine Bleasdale and she can be reached via C.Bleasdale@uwtsd.ac.uk.
Students can also report to Student Services StudentServices@uwtsd.ac.uk.
Our onsite Operations Team provides a 24/7 support service and can be contacted out of hours for support.
Carmarthen: 07767842738
Lampeter: 07976528354
Swansea: 07850321704
(Additional campus locations are recommended to call the Carmarthen number)
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If you are experiencing harassment at work, speak to your manager or HR department.
If for any reason you can't report to them, go to Citizens Advice.
", "strapline": "At work", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/1fadde62dfce1e261a455443b7b605d46bed2ce4.jpg", "alt": "Image of a bar tender pouring an alcoholic drink.", "attribution": "", "_classes": "" }, "_pin": { "src": "", "alt": "" }, "_classes": "", "_left": 85.4, "_top": 24.5 }, { "title": "In public", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Victim Support is a great place to start. They can give you free and confidential help.
If the harassment is escalating into threats, violence or sexual assault, report it to the police on 101 and if any point you are in danger, call 999.
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Making a decision to report is very individual and can be a difficult process, but there are a number of options open to you.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f946", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f896", "_type": "component", "_layout": "full", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "Work your way through the slider to find out more:", "mobileInstruction": "Work your way through the slider to find out more:", "_hasNavigationInTextArea": false, "_setCompletionOn": "allItems", "_items": [ { "title": "Report to your University", "_ariaLevel": 0, "body": "Every uni will have a process for reporting and a team equipped to take your report.
Some unis even have anonymous reporting systems. Take a look at the links at the end of this course for further information.
Email: wellbeing-recpt@brookes.ac.uk and studentwelfare@brookes.ac.uk
Brookes Union Advice Service can provide independent advice on the options available, whether you are thinking about reporting to the police or the university.
You can email them at: su.advice@brookes.ac.uk
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Always call 999 if you feel you’re in danger. If the rape or sexual assault happened a long time ago, you can still report this to the police by calling 111.
Many people worry about reporting rape and sexual assault to the police. The police will take reports of rape seriously, but you don't have to report it if you don't want to.
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You don’t have to have a forensic examination, but it can provide useful evidence if you choose to report the crime to the police and the case goes to court. SARCs won't pressure you into contacting the police and they will store the results until you make your mind up about reporting. If you’d like to have a forensic examination, try to keep the clothes you were wearing at the time and don’t wash them, and avoid showering if possible.
", "_graphic": { "src": "course/en/assets/c52fd898a9f43c7352b38699613a10bb1c40dbdd.jpg", "alt": "Image of a medical worker filling out a form.", "attribution": "" }, "strapline": "Contact a Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC)" } ] }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Seeking support", "displayTitle": "Seeking support", "body": "Sexual assault and rape are often traumatic experiences and can affect you physically and emotionally.
Everyone reacts differently and you could:
These are all normal reactions. The most important things to remember are that what happened is not your fault, you are not alone and there are many brilliant organisations who can help you.
Support services are really good at saying ‘we believe you’ and giving you the support you need - even if you don’t want to take it further.
Not everyone feels comfortable or ready to report an incident, but a great first step could be contacting a specialist organisation that offers support.
All allow you to seek support anonymously. No information will be passed to the police and the staff are trained and skilled at helping you.
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Essential safety for sex workers
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", "_graphic": { "alt": "", "src": "", "attribution": "" }, "_classes": "tab_yellow" }, { "title": "Galop", "body": "Galop offer confidential and independent practical advice and support for lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans people who have experienced sexual assault, abuse or violence.
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false, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false } }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Which of the following would you consider a sexual activity?", "displayTitle": "Do you think Kirsty is giving consent?
You said 'Yes, Kirsty gave consent'
You said 'No, Kirsty did not give consent'
Last time you selected:
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", "_bands": [ { "_score": 0, "feedback": "No, Kirsty did not give consent
Yes, Kirsty gave consent
Kirsty meets Pete in a club and after kissing, goes back to his.
He fingers her in the taxi but once back at his house, she tells him she's changed her mind and didn’t want to have sex now. He tells her that she's a ‘tease’ and could at least give him a blowjob. She feels really guilty, so does it.
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You said Yes, Taylor gave consent
You said No, Taylor did not give consent
You said 'Yes, Taylor gave consent'
You said 'No, Taylor did not give consent'
Do you think Kerry is giving consent?
You said 'Yes, Kerry gave consent'
You said 'No, Kerry did not give consent'
You said 'Yes, Kerry gave consent'
You said 'No, Kerry did not give consent'
Do you think Jaz is giving consent?
You said 'Yes, Jaz gave consent'
You said 'No, Jaz did not give consent'
You said 'Yes, Jaz gave consent'
You said 'No, Jaz did not give consent'
Do you think Mohamed is giving consent?
You said 'Yes, Mohamed gave consent'
You said 'No, Mohamed did not give consent'
You said 'Yes, Mohamed gave consent'
You said 'No, Mohamed did not give consent'
Non-consensual sex
This is a perfect example of double standards, gendered expectations and of a woman being responsible for managing to what degree she is ‘leading’ someone on.
This is a situation of non-consensual sex through pressure and guilt (which could be legally classified as rape). Inviting someone home is viewed as being consent in many situations - but that is not consent to sex.
You may question whether the activities described here count as sex, but think about what does, for you.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "Non-consensual sex
This is a perfect example of double standards, gendered expectations and of a woman being responsible for managing to what degree she is ‘leading’ someone on.
This is a situation of non-consensual sex through pressure and guilt (which could be legally classified as rape). Inviting someone home is viewed as being consent in many situations - but that is not consent to sex.
You may question whether the activities described here count as sex, but think about what does, for you.
", "notFinal": "Non-consensual sex
This is a perfect example of double standards, gendered expectations and of a woman being responsible for managing to what degree she is ‘leading’ someone on.
This is a situation of non-consensual sex through pressure and guilt (which could be legally classified as rape). Inviting someone home is viewed as being consent in many situations - but that is not consent to sex.
You may question whether the activities described here count as sex, but think about what does, for you.
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Last time you selected:
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Last time you selected:
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", "_bands": [ { "_score": 0, "feedback": "No, Taylor did not give consent
Yes, Taylor gave consent
Taylor and Alex have been together for 12 months. They have an active sex life but one night, Taylor asks Alex to stop because it hurts. Alex is just about to come, so carries on for about another 20 seconds. He comes and then stops.
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Non-consensual sex
At the very least, this feels like a non-consensual encounter - but does it count as rape or non consensual sex for those last 20 seconds? Or is the whole encounter in question?
The fact Taylor is able to say stop suggests that communication is possible.
As with all the scenarios, we don’t have all the detail. Did the conversation continue? Did Alex ignore Taylor or did they agree he could continue?
", "_incorrect": { "final": "Non-consensual sex
At the very least, this feels like a non-consensual encounter - but does it count as rape or non consensual sex for those last 20 seconds? Or is the whole encounter in question?
The fact Taylor is able to say stop suggests that communication is possible.
As with all the scenarios, we don’t have all the detail. Did the conversation continue? Did Alex ignore Taylor or did they agree he could continue?
", "notFinal": "Non-consensual sex
At the very least, this feels like a non-consensual encounter - but does it count as rape or non consensual sex for those last 20 seconds? Or is the whole encounter in question?
The fact Taylor is able to say stop suggests that communication is possible.
As with all the scenarios, we don’t have all the detail. Did the conversation continue? Did Alex ignore Taylor or did they agree he could continue?
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You haven't answered yet...
Last time you selected:
{{{feedback}}}
", "_bands": [ { "_score": 0, "feedback": "No, Kerry did not give consent
Yes, Kerry gave consent
Kerry is 20, in her first year at university and has recently started seeing Stu, 39. Stu is an associate tutor and they met while he was teaching a module on her degree.
Kerry sought out additional support with essay writing and over time, they started meeting in pubs and cafes off campus. They're having sex and Kerry would love to introduce him to her friends and have more say over when and where they meet up for sex. Stu feels it’s best to keep things quiet and doesn't want to meet her friends.
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Rape / Passive consent
There is a power imbalance here - both in terms of age and owing to the fact Stu is Kerry's tutor. On the one hand, they're both adults but when we look at the details, she's moulding her life around him, and the relationship is all on his terms. What's more, he clearly knows it's not ok. A lot of universities have staff and student misconduct policies that state that these relationships either shouldn't happen or if they do - that they need to be out in the open.
As with any relationship, it’s about having the freedom and space to negotiate and here it doesn't sound like there is space for Kerry to get what SHE wants. Instead it is all about what suits Stu. As a result, I would class this as being an example of non-consensual or passive.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "Rape / Passive consent
There is a power imbalance here - both in terms of age and owing to the fact Stu is Kerry's tutor. On the one hand, they're both adults but when we look at the details, she's moulding her life around him, and the relationship is all on his terms. What's more, he clearly knows it's not ok. A lot of universities have staff and student misconduct policies that state that these relationships either shouldn't happen or if they do - that they need to be out in the open.
As with any relationship, it’s about having the freedom and space to negotiate and here it doesn't sound like there is space for Kerry to get what SHE wants. Instead it is all about what suits Stu. As a result, I would class this as being an example of non-consensual or passive.
", "notFinal": "Rape / Passive consent
There is a power imbalance here - both in terms of age and owing to the fact Stu is Kerry's tutor. On the one hand, they're both adults but when we look at the details, she's moulding her life around him, and the relationship is all on his terms. What's more, he clearly knows it's not ok. A lot of universities have staff and student misconduct policies that state that these relationships either shouldn't happen or if they do - that they need to be out in the open.
As with any relationship, it’s about having the freedom and space to negotiate and here it doesn't sound like there is space for Kerry to get what SHE wants. Instead it is all about what suits Stu. As a result, I would class this as being an example of non-consensual or passive.
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You haven't answered yet...
Last time you selected:
{{{feedback}}}
", "_bands": [ { "_score": 0, "feedback": "No, Jaz did not give consent
Yes, Jaz gave consent
Jaz and Nav have been married for 9 years and have sex every night before they fall asleep.
It's very routine and they never talk about it. Sex is over as soon as Nav comes and Jaz never has an orgasm. Jaz would rather read but decides having sex is worth it, as it makes the relationship smoother.
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Non consenual / Passive consent
Firstly, we don’t have the full picture. There may be other aspects to the relationship that would put this into context. For example, if we thought the relationship was abusive, then the routine element of sex would feel bad and perhaps controlling.
If we knew the relationship was healthy and equal, it may indicate part of the ambivalent ‘give and take’ of the relationship. Jaz may also desire the outcomes of sex (such as closeness and intimacy), whilst not being too bothered about the sex itself.
If Jaz and Nav had talked about it and that was ignored, we would judge the sex as being non-consensual. The fact they ‘never talk about it’, makes things more ambiguous. Without knowing more, we can’t be sure.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "Non consenual / Passive consent
Firstly, we don’t have the full picture. There may be other aspects to the relationship that would put this into context. For example, if we thought the relationship was abusive, then the routine element of sex would feel bad and perhaps controlling.
If we knew the relationship was healthy and equal, it may indicate part of the ambivalent ‘give and take’ of the relationship. Jaz may also desire the outcomes of sex (such as closeness and intimacy), whilst not being too bothered about the sex itself.
If Jaz and Nav had talked about it and that was ignored, we would judge the sex as being non-consensual. The fact they ‘never talk about it’, makes things more ambiguous. Without knowing more, we can’t be sure.
", "notFinal": "Non consenual / Passive consent
Firstly, we don’t have the full picture. There may be other aspects to the relationship that would put this into context. For example, if we thought the relationship was abusive, then the routine element of sex would feel bad and perhaps controlling.
If we knew the relationship was healthy and equal, it may indicate part of the ambivalent ‘give and take’ of the relationship. Jaz may also desire the outcomes of sex (such as closeness and intimacy), whilst not being too bothered about the sex itself.
If Jaz and Nav had talked about it and that was ignored, we would judge the sex as being non-consensual. The fact they ‘never talk about it’, makes things more ambiguous. Without knowing more, we can’t be sure.
" }, "_partlyCorrect": { "final": "Non consenual / Passive consent
Firstly, we don’t have the full picture. There may be other aspects to the relationship that would put this into context. For example, if we thought the relationship was abusive, then the routine element of sex would feel bad and perhaps controlling.
If we knew the relationship was healthy and equal, it may indicate part of the ambivalent ‘give and take’ of the relationship. Jaz may also desire the outcomes of sex (such as closeness and intimacy), whilst not being too bothered about the sex itself.
If Jaz and Nav had talked about it and that was ignored, we would judge the sex as being non-consensual. The fact they ‘never talk about it’, makes things more ambiguous. Without knowing more, we can’t be sure.
", "notFinal": "Non consenual / Passive consent
Firstly, we don’t have the full picture. There may be other aspects to the relationship that would put this into context. For example, if we thought the relationship was abusive, then the routine element of sex would feel bad and perhaps controlling.
If we knew the relationship was healthy and equal, it may indicate part of the ambivalent ‘give and take’ of the relationship. Jaz may also desire the outcomes of sex (such as closeness and intimacy), whilst not being too bothered about the sex itself.
If Jaz and Nav had talked about it and that was ignored, we would judge the sex as being non-consensual. The fact they ‘never talk about it’, makes things more ambiguous. Without knowing more, we can’t be sure.
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", "_bands": [ { "_score": 0, "feedback": "No, Mohamed did not give consent
Yes, Mohamed gave consent
Harrison and Mohamed met in their first year at university together. They have been in a relationship for 2 years, but things are pretty rocky.
Whilst on holiday, they decide to end their relationship at the end of the trip. Mohamed doesn’t want to have sex as it will make things complicated. Harrison says this makes him feel undesirable and ugly. One morning, Mohamed wakes up to Harrison stroking and caressing him. He gets hard and Harrison takes this as a sign to carry on. Mohamed feels awkward and doesn’t have the energy to stop it.
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Rape
We would judge this to be rape. However, Mohamed may not find it helpful to label it as rape, as he comes to terms with what has happened.
Lots of us find 'rape' to be a harsh word and are not keen to use it in non-violent situations of 'acquaintance rape' (where you know the person), unless the police are going to be involved.
This scenario can often be used to spark a debate amongst your friends. If some of you find it difficult to use the word ‘rape’, perhaps reflect on why.
", "_incorrect": { "final": "Rape
We would judge this to be rape. However, Mohamed may not find it helpful to label it as rape, as he comes to terms with what has happened.
Lots of us find 'rape' to be a harsh word and are not keen to use it in non-violent situations of 'acquaintance rape' (where you know the person), unless the police are going to be involved.
This scenario can often be used to spark a debate amongst your friends. If some of you find it difficult to use the word ‘rape’, perhaps reflect on why.
", "notFinal": "Rape
We would judge this to be rape. However, Mohamed may not find it helpful to label it as rape, as he comes to terms with what has happened.
Lots of us find 'rape' to be a harsh word and are not keen to use it in non-violent situations of 'acquaintance rape' (where you know the person), unless the police are going to be involved.
This scenario can often be used to spark a debate amongst your friends. If some of you find it difficult to use the word ‘rape’, perhaps reflect on why.
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REMEMBER: The absence of a ‘no’ does not equal consent. Sometimes ‘no’ is hard to say. Pay attention to your partner and pick up on these signs!
I remember saying \"Let’s go for a smoke first!\". We came back inside, and I said, \"I'm too tired now\". I was terrified at the prospect of having sex with him and his grin. I lost my virginity a couple days later with someone who was the right guy (at the time) but it’s scary to look back and see how unprepared I was to say NO and the lack of confidence I had surrounding my right to my own body. I'm glad that he could sense I wasn't comfortable and vulnerable to pressure and he didn't take advantage of that. I respect him for that and he's still my friend today.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f977", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f881", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Which of the following did Sara do to negotiate consent?", "displayTitle": "Once we got back to the room we kissed some more and my clothes came off, but I felt like he wasn't really with me. He had his top off and I was just in my pants, I was on top but just wasn't getting the responses I needed to carry on. I asked him if he wanted me to stop and he said it was up to me... which in my mind totally meant yes. He was hard and I know his body was there but, in his head, I knew he wasn't. I told him if I continued, I'd feel like a sexual predator, but that it was OK as I'd rather stop now than carry on and not get satisfaction. I can't just 'take' my satisfaction; I need a guy to be involved otherwise it just doesn't work for me. We slept close and it was OK, though he was a bit embarrassed, he respected my restraint and was grateful I was so understanding.
", "_id": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f97a", "_parentId": "613a197b0c8dc30c3da2f884", "_type": "component", "_layout": "right", "_onScreen": { "_isEnabled": false, "_classes": "", "_percentInviewVertical": 50 }, "_pageLevelProgress": { "_isEnabled": true, "_isCompletionIndicatorEnabled": false }, "instruction": "" }, { "_component": "text", "_classes": "", "_isOptional": false, "_isAvailable": true, "_isHidden": false, "_isVisible": true, "_isResetOnRevisit": "false", "_ariaLevel": 0, "_disableAccessibilityState": false, "title": "Which of the following did Matt do to negotiate consent?", "displayTitle": "