A sudden unexpected event that causes damage, injury, disease, or death.
"},"accident-book":{"term":"accident book","definition":"Every organisation with more than 10 employees must record basic details about any accidents that occur. Traditionally, this is done in an “accident book”, although the records can be on single sheets, or even held on computer.
Records of incidents reported under RIDDOR must be kept for at least 3 years.
"},"accident-triangle":{"term":"accident triangle","definition":"Accident statistics form a triangle, with the fewest incidents, at the top, being the most serious. The least serious incidents, at the bottom of the triangle, are the most numerous.
By reducing the number of less serious incidents, you can reduce the number of serious incidents too.
"},"aids":{"term":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)","definition":"A severe disease but with a low risk of occupational infection. It is actually a collection of symptoms and infections characterised by a breakdown of the body’s natural defences. It is caused by the HIV virus.
"},"adrenalin":{"term":"adrenalin","definition":"A hormone released by the body in reaction to stress. It prepares the body for “flight or fight”.
"},"aggression":{"term":"aggression","definition":"Unfriendly and threatening behaviour that could lead to physical violence.
"},"air-bag":{"term":"air bag","definition":"An air cushion safety system designed to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall.
"},"ammonia":{"term":"ammonia","definition":"A toxic chemical found in some household cleaners. If it’s mixed with bleach, deadly gasses are released.
"},"amosite":{"term":"amosite","definition":"A form of asbestos also known as brown asbestos. Its harsh, spiky fibres have particularly good resistance to heat.
"},"anchored-body-harness":{"term":"anchored body harness","definition":"A work harness used by an individual that is fixed to an anchor point and is designed to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall.
"},"anxiety":{"term":"anxiety","definition":"A vague feeling of apprehension. Longstanding anxieties can give rise to stress-related health problems.
"},"appointed-person":{"term":"appointed person","definition":"A person in a low risk work environment who has been appointed to take control in the event of an accident. Unlike First Aiders, Appointed Persons generally aren’t trained in providing initial care to victims of accidents.
"},"arson":{"term":"arson","definition":"Deliberately and maliciously starting a fire to damage buildings or property. In Scotland, the legal term for this offence is wilful fire-raising.
"},"artex":{"term":"artex","definition":"A surface coating used for interior decorating, in particular ceilings. Up to the mid 1980s, Artex was strengthened with white asbestos.
"},"asbestos":{"term":"asbestos","definition":"A naturally occurring fibrous material that has been a popular building material since the 1950s. It was used as an insulator (to keep in heat and keep out cold), has good fire protection properties and protects against corrosion.
"},"asbestos-register":{"term":"asbestos register","definition":"A register containing the location and condition of asbestos-containing materials in a building.
"},"asbestosis":{"term":"asbestosis","definition":"A chronic, progressive inflammation of the lung caused by prolonged exposure to large quantities of asbestos.
"},"asphyxia":{"term":"asphyxia","definition":"Any situation in which the supply of oxygen to your brain is cut off. Unconsciousness and death quickly follow.
"},"assembly-point":{"term":"assembly point","definition":"A designated area of safety where people should gather in the event of an emergency, such as a fire.
"},"asthma":{"term":"asthma","definition":"A condition of the lungs and airways that causes difficulty with breathing.
"},"bacteria":{"term":"bacteria","definition":"Microscopic single-celled organisms present throughout the environment. Not all bacteria are harmful, but some cause disease.
"},"biological-hazard":{"term":"biological hazard","definition":"Substances associated with living things (including microscopic organisms) that pose a threat to health. This can include medical waste, viruses, and bacteria.
"},"bleach":{"term":"bleach","definition":"A toxic chemical used as a powerful cleaning agent. If it’s mixed with ammonia, deadly gasses are released.
"},"body-language":{"term":"body language","definition":"The gestures, poses, movements, and expressions that a person uses to communicate.
"},"british-crime-survey":{"term":"british crime survey","definition":"An annual survey carried out by the Home Office into the level of crime, public attitudes to crime, and other Home Office issues.
"},"bucket":{"term":"bucket","definition":"The part of a mobile elevated work platform (MEWP) that the worker stands in.
"},"bursitis":{"term":"bursitis","definition":"Inflammation of the natural pads that lubricate our joints and make them work smoothly. Bursitis is often caused by repeated pressure on the joint.
"},"butane":{"term":"butane","definition":"A highly flammable gas used for heating and cooking, typically supplied in pressurised cylinders. Butane is heavier than air, so it tends to sink towards the ground. It can flow for long distances along the ground, and can collect in drains, gullies and cellars.
"},"chrysotile":{"term":"chrysotile","definition":"A form of asbestos also known as white asbestos. It can withstand the fiercest heat and is so soft and flexible it can be spun and woven easily.
"},"circulation":{"term":"circulation","definition":"The movement of blood round the body. A good circulation is essential to health, and is helped by taking regular exercise.
"},"collective-measures":{"term":"collective measures","definition":"Safety measures designed to protect a group of people rather than an individual.
"},"control-of-asbestos-regulations":{"term":"Control of Asbestos Regulations","definition":"The Regulations that control how asbestos must be managed and controlled. The regulations include:
The law that requires employers to control people’s exposure to hazardous substances.
"},"corrosive":{"term":"corrosive","definition":"Causing destruction of another substance, including human tissue
"},"crocidolite":{"term":"crocidolite","definition":"A form of asbestos also known as blue asbestos. It is the most lethal type of asbestos. The needle-like fibres are the strongest of all asbestos fibres and have a high resistance to acids.
"},"daisy-chain":{"term":"daisy chain","definition":"Things connected together in a series, for example several power cord extension leads connected to make one long one.
"},"dangerous-occurrences":{"term":"dangerous occurrences","definition":"Certain categories of near miss must be reported as dangerous occurrences under RIDDOR. Schedule 2 of RIDDOR contains a long list of reportable dangerous occurrences and these include:
A condition caused by the loss of too much water from the body.
"},"depression":{"term":"depression","definition":"A long-term state of low mood, characterized by feelings of sadness, loneliness, despair, and low self-esteem.
"},"diarrhoea":{"term":"diarrhoea","definition":"Frequent fluid bowel movements. A symptom of a disease.
"},"diarrhoeal-disease":{"term":"diarrhoeal disease","definition":"A collective term for a range of infections that cause diarrhoea and sickness, with symptoms typically lasting no more than a few days.
"},"diffuse-pleural-thickening":{"term":"diffuse pleural thickening","definition":"A disease which occurs when asbestos fibres that have been inhaled into the lungs work their way out to the pleura – a membrane which surrounds the lungs. This may cause fibrosis or scarring to develop.
"},"director":{"term":"director","definition":"A person with joint responsibility for running an organisation.
"},"disease":{"term":"disease","definition":"Any condition, other than a physical injury, that prevents your body from working as it should.
"},"drowning":{"term":"drowning","definition":"Death by asphyxiation, caused by immersion in a liquid, such as water, or a free-flowing solid, such as grain.
"},"drug":{"term":"drug","definition":"Any substance that can be used to modify a chemical process in the body, for example to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, enhance performance, or to alter states of mind.
"},"electrocution":{"term":"electrocution","definition":"Injury or death caused by electric shock.
"},"enforcing-authority":{"term":"enforcing authority","definition":"The body responsible for enforcing Health and Safety legislation. This will either be the Health and Safety Executive, or the organisation’s Local Authority, depending on the nature of the business.
"},"environmental-health-officer":{"term":"Environmental Health Officer","definition":"An expert in health and safety that usually works for a local authority and helps develop, co-ordinate, implement, and enforce health and safety legislation and policies.
"},"ergonomics":{"term":"ergonomics","definition":"The process of designing a job and job-related equipment so that it is comfortable and healthy to use.
"},"eye-strain":{"term":"eye-strain","definition":"A sensation of tired eyes, often accompanied by headaches and difficulty with focussing or seeing.
"},"fatality":{"term":"fatality","definition":"A death resulting from an accident or a disaster.
"},"fatigue":{"term":"fatigue","definition":"A feeling of excessive tiredness, with a desire to rest.
"},"fire-action-sign":{"term":"fire action sign","definition":"A sign that explains what to do in the event of a fire.
"},"fire-alarm":{"term":"fire alarm","definition":"A special alarm used to alert people that they should immediately evacuate the building.
"},"fire-blanket":{"term":"fire blanket","definition":"A blanket made of special fire-resistant cloth, designed to be placed over a fire to smother it.
"},"fire-door":{"term":"fire door","definition":"Special doors designed to slow down the spread of fire and smoke through a building.
"},"fire-exit":{"term":"fire exit","definition":"A door used to escape from a building in case of an emergency such as a fire. These are often designed only to be used in emergency, but can be normal doors too.
"},"fire-extinguisher":{"term":"fire extinguisher","definition":"A device used to put out a fire, often in an emergency situation. They consist of a pressurised container of chemicals that when discharged can put out a fire.
"},"fire-warden":{"term":"Fire Warden/Marshal","definition":"An employee with special responsibilities in the event of a fire. They help people out of the building and make sure, as far as possible, that everyone has got out safely.
"},"first-aid":{"term":"first aid","definition":"Emergency care given to an injured person before a medical professional can get to them.
"},"first-aid-box":{"term":"first aid box","definition":"An easily accessible box stocked with first aid equipment. The contents should be based on an assessment of first aid needs. As a guide, the HSE recommends the following as a minimum provision for workplaces with no special risks:
Note: first aid boxes should never contain tablets or medicines.
"},"first-aider":{"term":"first aider","definition":"A person who has been trained in administering first aid, and holds a current first aid certificate issued by a HSE-approved provider. All workplaces must have a First Aider or – in low risk environments – Appointed Person who can take control in the event of an accident.
"},"flammable":{"term":"flammable","definition":"Easily set on fire.
"},"flu":{"term":"flu","definition":"Short for “influenza”, a viral infection of the body’s airways.
"},"fragile-surface":{"term":"fragile surface","definition":"A surface, such as a roof, that is not strong enough to support a person's weight.
"},"fumes":{"term":"fumes","definition":"Toxic or corrosive airborne chemicals.
"},"gauntlets":{"term":"gauntlets","definition":"Large reinforced gloves, with attached sleeves.
"},"goggles":{"term":"goggles","definition":"Large, fitted glasses with side guards, used as a protection for the eyes.safety spectacles.
"},"guard-rail":{"term":"guard rail","definition":"A safety barrier system, fixed around the edges of a work platform, designed to prevent people or objects falling.
"},"hazard":{"term":"hazard","definition":"Anything that has the potential to cause harm. See risk assessment.
"},"hazardous-substance":{"term":"hazardous substance","definition":"Any material that poses a threat to human health or the environment. Hazardous substances are usually toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.
"},"health":{"term":"health","definition":"A person’s condition. Good health is marked by general fitness and the absence of any mental or physical illness or injury.
"},"health-and-safety":{"term":"health and safety","definition":"A general term for all the activities aimed at preserving and protecting human health in the workplace.
"},"health-and-safety-at-work-act":{"term":"Health and Safety at Work Act","definition":"The cornerstone of health and safety legislation, introduced in 1974.
"},"health-and-safety-committee":{"term":"health and safety committee","definition":"A group which regularly meets to discuss health and safety issues within an organisation.
"},"health-and-safety-dse":{"term":"Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations","definition":"Regulations introduced in 1992, that cover the use of computers at work.
"},"health-and-safety-executive":{"term":"Health and Safety Executive (HSE)","definition":"The British government body responsible for the regulation of risks to health and safety in the UK. It was created as a result of the Health and Safety at Work Act.
"},"health-and-safety-officer":{"term":"Health and Safety Officer","definition":"A health and safety expert employed by an organisation to provide them with advice and guidance on all matters relating to health and safety.
"},"health-and-safety-policy":{"term":"Health and Safety Policy","definition":"An official statement setting out how an organisation manages health and safety. It influences all activities, including the selection of people, equipment and materials, the way work is done, and how goods and services are designed.
"},"health-and-safety-representative":{"term":"Health and Safety Representative","definition":"A person elected by employees (or appointed by a trade union) to represent employees on health and safety issues, investigate complaints, inspect the workplace, and assess risks.
"},"heat-stress":{"term":"heat stress","definition":"A condition that occurs when the body’s means of controlling its internal temperature starts to fail. It can be caused by high air temperature, but factors such as work rate, humidity and clothing all play a part. Symptoms can include muscle cramps, fatigue, giddiness and nausea.
"},"hepatitis":{"term":"hepatitis","definition":"An inflammation of the liver, generally caused by a viral infection. It can be a serious condition that can lead to liver failure.
"},"hiv":{"term":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)","definition":""},"home-office":{"term":"Home Office","definition":"The government department responsible for internal affairs, such as law and order.
"},"hormone":{"term":"hormone","definition":"A chemical, like adrenalin, that is released into the bloodstream to produce an effect on the body.
"},"hse-inspector":{"term":"HSE Inspector","definition":"An expert in health and safety that works for the Health and Safety Executive. They inspect industrial places of work and local authorities to enforce health and safety legislation and policies.
"},"human-resources":{"term":"Human Resources (HR)","definition":"A department in an organisation that is responsible for personnel issues, including hiring, skills development, and compliance with associated government regulations.
"},"hyperventilation":{"term":"hyperventilation","definition":"Abnormally rapid breathing which can lead to dizziness.
"},"hypothermia":{"term":"hypothermia","definition":"A life-threatening condition in which the body’s warming mechanisms fail to maintain normal body temperature and the entire body cools.
"},"ill-health":{"term":"ill-health","definition":"A poor state of health, due to illness, injury, or another cause.
"},"illness":{"term":"illness","definition":"A mental or physical disease or infirmity leading to ill-health.
"},"incident":{"term":"incident","definition":"In the context of health and safety, any occurrence, including near miss situations, which has the potential to cause personal injury, death, disease, or property damage.
"},"incident-contact-centre":{"term":"Incident Contact Centre","definition":"A national organisation set up in 2001 to act as a single point of contact for reporting health and safety incidents in the UK. All RIDDOR-reportable accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences must be reported to the Incident Contact Centre.
"},"infection":{"term":"infection","definition":"An incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted to a person.
"},"injury":{"term":"injury","definition":"Damage to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical, chemical or biological.
"},"intuition":{"term":"intuition","definition":"Knowing something without the conscious use of reasoning. A common example is the way people can read and interpret body language.
"},"jaundice":{"term":"jaundice","definition":"A yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes, associated with liver disease.
"},"lagging":{"term":"lagging","definition":"Insulation used to prevent heat diffusion, commonly used for pipes, boilers and lofts. Old lagging material can contain up to 100% asbestos fibre making it a high hazard asbestos product.
"},"legionella-bacteria":{"term":"Legionella bacteria","definition":"The bacteria that causes Legionnaires’ disease.
"},"legionnaires-disease":{"term":"Legionnaires’ disease","definition":"A rare form of pneumonia caused by inhaling the mist from water sources infected by Legionella bacteria.
"},"leptospirosis":{"term":"Leptospirosis","definition":"A bacterial disease usually causing flu-like symptoms and general aches and pains. The severe form is called Weil’s disease.
"},"likelihood":{"term":"likelihood","definition":"A measure of the probability of a hazard actually inflicting harm. Likelihood and severity together define the overall level of risk posed by a particular hazard.
"},"line-manager":{"term":"line manager","definition":"A member of staff who occupies a managerial position within the organisational structure.
"},"local-authority":{"term":"local authority","definition":"An administrative unit of government, responsible for a particular region.
"},"local-exhaust-ventilation":{"term":"local exhaust ventilation","definition":"A hood or fan that captures and removes fumes at the point they are being produced, before they escape into the air.
"},"lower-digestive-tract":{"term":"lower digestive tract","definition":"Also known as the lower gastrointestinal tract, it comprises the small intestine, large intestine and anus.
"},"lung-cancer":{"term":"lung cancer","definition":"A cancerous lump or tumour in the lungs caused primarily by tobacco smoke, but can also be caused by breathing in significant amounts of asbestos fibres.
"},"management-of-hs-at-work-regulations":{"term":"Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations","definition":"Regulations introduced in 1999 that define what employers are required to do to manage health and safety under the Health and Safety at Work Act.
"},"mask":{"term":"mask","definition":"An item of personal protective equipment designed to protect the face and airways from fumes and other airborne hazards. There are many different types of mask, and it’s essential to select the correct one according to the hazard.
"},"medication":{"term":"medication","definition":"A drug used to treat, prevent, or relieve the symptoms of a disease, illness or infection.
"},"mesothelioma":{"term":"Mesothelioma","definition":"A form of cancer that is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos. It mainly affects the linings surrounding the lungs and the lower digestive tract. The disease can take around 20 to 40 years to develop.
"},"microbiological-organism":{"term":"microbiological organism","definition":"A virus, bacterium, or other microscopic living thing.
"},"microscopic":{"term":"microscopic","definition":"Too small to be seen with the naked eye.
"},"mobile-elevating-work-platform":{"term":"Mobile elevating work platform (MEWP)","definition":"A type of elevated work platform that can be moved along the ground whilst extended. May also be known as a lift platform or cherry picker.
"},"movement-book":{"term":"movement book","definition":"A shared diary used to record where people will be on certain days and times.
"},"nausea":{"term":"nausea","definition":"A feeling of sickness or discomfort in the stomach.
"},"near-miss":{"term":"near miss","definition":"An event or situation that could have resulted in an accident, injury or illness, but did not.
"},"non-toxic-gas":{"term":"non-toxic gas","definition":"A gas which is not harmful in itself. However, it may cause asphyxia if it displaces the air people are breathing.
"},"personal-alarm":{"term":"personal alarm","definition":"A small hand-held alarm that emits a loud shriek or siren, disorientating an attacker, and possibly attracting help.
"},"personal-measures":{"term":"personal measures","definition":"Safety measures designed to protect an individual rather than a group of people.
"},"personal-protective-equipment":{"term":"Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)","definition":"Safety devices, such as goggles, masks, and boots, worn by workers to protect against hazards.
"},"personal-protective-equipment-regulations":{"term":"Personal Protective Equipment Regulations","definition":"Regulations introduced in 1992 that require employers to provide personal protective equipment wherever there are risks to health and safety that cannot be adequately controlled in other ways.
"},"pesticide":{"term":"pesticide","definition":"Any chemical or biological agent that kills plant or animal pests. Pesticides are very likely to be toxic to humans.
"},"platform-trolley":{"term":"platform trolley","definition":"A large flat board with wheels, designed to carry heavy objects.
"},"pneumonia":{"term":"pneumonia","definition":"An infection in the lungs.
"},"poison":{"term":"poison","definition":"Any toxic substance.
"},"posture":{"term":"posture","definition":"The way someone sits or stands. The position of different parts of a person’s body relative to one another.
"},"primary-fires":{"term":"primary fires","definition":"Primary fires are particularly serious fires that harm people or cause damage to property. To be classed as a primary fire, a fire must meet at least one of the following conditions:
See also: secondary fires
"},"rash":{"term":"rash","definition":"Marks on the skin caused by an illness, corrosive substance, allergy, or other cause.
"},"reasonable-force":{"term":"reasonable force","definition":"The amount of force that it is acceptable to use when defending yourself from an attacker.
"},"reasonably-practicable":{"term":"reasonably practicable","definition":"Organisations have a legal duty to define processes and procedures for undertaking work that are “so far as is reasonably practicable, safe and without risks to health”.
Determining what’s “reasonably practicable” involves assessing the risk to be avoided, the sacrifice (in money, time and trouble) involved in taking measures to avoid that risk, and comparing the two.
"},"regulation-on-clp":{"term":"Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)","definition":"The law that enforces the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals directive (GHS) across the European Union. It requires suppliers of chemicals to provide information about the dangers of their products, and to package them safely.
"},"reinforced-footwear":{"term":"reinforced footwear","definition":"Shoes or boots designed to protect the feet from hazards.
"},"riddor":{"term":"Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)","definition":"Regulations that require employers to report some work-related accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences.
"},"risk":{"term":"risk","definition":"An overall measure of the likelihood of a particular hazard actually causing harm and the severity of harm that would be inflicted. See risk assessment.
"},"risk-assessment":{"term":"risk assessment","definition":"The process by which hazards in the workplace are identified, along with their level of risk. As a result, safe systems of work can be put in place in order to avoid the hazard completely or reduce the risk.
"},"roof-light":{"term":"roof light","definition":"A window set into a roof.
"},"sack-truck":{"term":"sack truck","definition":"A two-wheeled trolley that makes it easy to carry heavy loads.
"},"safe-system-of-work":{"term":"safe system of work","definition":"The way in which a job must be carried out, in order to minimise the health and safety risks. Also called an “SSW”.
"},"safety-data-sheet":{"term":"safety data sheet","definition":"A sheet of information that must be provided by the supplier of a commercial chemical. It provides information on the nature of any hazard, and describes how to handle, store, and dispose of the substance safely. It also describes what to do in the event of an emergency, such as a spillage.
"},"safety-net":{"term":"safety net","definition":"A safety measure fitted beneath work areas, such as fragile roofs, roof edges and work platforms, designed to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall.
"},"safety-spectacles":{"term":"safety spectacles","definition":"Large, clear glasses offering limited protection for the eyes. See goggles.
"},"secondary-fires":{"term":"secondary fires","definition":"Secondary fires are generally small outdoor fires, not involving people or property. They include refuse fires, grassland fires and fires in derelict buildings or vehicles, unless these result in casualties or rescues, or involve five or more pumping appliances, in which case they’re classed as primary fires.
"},"self-defence":{"term":"self-defence","definition":"Actions taken by a person to disable an attacker long enough to escape from them.
"},"severity":{"term":"severity","definition":"The level of harm that is likely to be inflicted by a particular hazard. Severity and likelihood together define the overall level of risk posed by a particular hazard. See risk assessment.
"},"skin-cancer":{"term":"skin cancer","definition":"A potentially deadly disease of the skin.
"},"specified-injuries":{"term":"specified injuries","definition":"Types of non-fatal injuries to workers that are specified – and must be reported – under RIDDOR. They include:
The adverse reaction people have to excessive work pressures, or other types of demands placed on them.
"},"stroke":{"term":"stroke","definition":"Damage to a part of the brain when its blood supply is suddenly reduced or stopped.
"},"symptom":{"term":"symptom","definition":"A sign of disease.
"},"tendonitis":{"term":"tendonitis","definition":"An inflammation of a tendon (the tissue which connects a muscle to a bone).
"},"the-working-at-height-regulations-2005":{"term":"The Working at Height Regulations 2005","definition":"Regulations which apply to all work at height where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury.
"},"toe-board":{"term":"toe board","definition":"A board fitted at the edges of a work platform to prevent objects or people from falling.
"},"toxic":{"term":"toxic","definition":"Harmful or deadly to living things.
"},"trade-union":{"term":"trade union","definition":"An organisation of people employed in a particular type of work, formed to protect and promote their common interests.
"},"tuberculosis":{"term":"tuberculosis","definition":"A bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs.
"},"upper-limb-disorder":{"term":"upper limb disorder","definition":"A general term that refers to pain in the arms, hands, neck or shoulders. The pain results from repetitive activities or activities that require controlled posture.
"},"violence":{"term":"violence","definition":"Threatening and aggressive behaviour, or a physical assault, directed at another person.
"},"virus":{"term":"virus","definition":"Tiny organisms that can infect living things and cause diseases.
"},"weils-disease":{"term":"Weil’s disease","definition":"A severe form of Leptospirosis, causing jaundice and liver damage.
"},"wilful-fire-raising":{"term":"wilful fire-raising","definition":"The Scottish legal term for the offence of deliberately and maliciously starting a fire to damage buildings or property. In England and Wales, the legal term used is arson.
"},"winching-equipment":{"term":"winching equipment","definition":"A winch is a mechanical device used to wind up or let out the tension of a rope or cable.
"},"work-restraint-harness":{"term":"work restraint harness","definition":"A work harness used by an individual that prevents the possibility of a fall occurring.
"}},"title":"Glossary"},"hs":{"title":"Hazardous Substances","title2":"Hazardous Substances"},"hs-01":{"title":"Understanding hazardous substances","description":"Learn about the types of hazardous substance typically found in workplaces and the regulations in place to control them."},"hs-01-010-010":{"title":"What are hazardous substances?","question-header":{"text":"So, what exactly is a hazardous substance? Select each of the highlighted substances in this scene, then choose which you think are considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law."},"question-footer":{"text":"Select Confirm when you’ve finished to find out how you did."},"option-response":{"state0":"?","state1":"Non-hazardous","state2":"Hazardous"},"option1-label":{"text":"Common cold virus"},"option1-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"option2-label":{"text":"Bleach"},"option2-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"option3-label":{"text":"Hot water"},"option3-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"option4-label":{"text":"Washing up liquid"},"option4-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"option5-label":{"text":"Printer toner"},"option5-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"option6-label":{"text":"Office dust"},"option6-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"option7-label":{"text":"Screen cleaner"},"option7-question":{"question":"Is this considered “hazardous” under Health & Safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Yes","option2":"No"},"feedback-text":{"p1":"That’s right. Let’s run through the key things to keep in mind.","p2":"That’s not far off. Let’s run through the key things to keep in mind.","p3":"Not really. Let’s run through the key things to keep in mind."},"final-text":{"p1":"Hazardous substances include most commercial chemicals and solvents – such as bleach, screen cleaner, glue and printer toner – and almost any kind of dust.","p2":"Water isn’t considered a “hazardous substance”, and neither are mild domestic substances like household washing up liquid.","p3":"All sorts of living nasties, like viruses and bacteria, as well as body fluids, like blood and urine, are covered, but only if you’re exposed to them because of your work. So, catching a cold from a colleague doesn’t count!","p4":"As you can see, most workplaces do include at least some hazardous substances, but just how hazardous are they? Let’s find out."}},"hs-01-010-020":{"title":"Will I die?","intro-text":{"p1":"If you’re exposed to hazardous substances without proper protection, the effects can range from mild irritation through to a long and lingering death. So, without wishing to alarm you, let’s have a look at a few of the effects that hazardous substances can have. "},"panel1-text":{"p1":"Some hazardous substances, like used motor oil, can cause rashes and even skin cancer, especially with frequent contact."},"panel2-text":{"p1":"Dust, including wood dust and flour dust, can cause asthma or lung cancer, and the same is true of fumes from hazardous substances like diesel."},"panel3-text":{"p1":"Even non-toxic gases, like argon and helium, can cause you to pass out because you can’t get enough oxygen. This can lead to death through asphyxiation or simply by falling once you’ve lost consciousness."},"panel4-text":{"p1":"If you eat or drink toxic substances by accident, you’ll suffer the effects of poisoning. This can happen when pesticides are not stored properly, for example, or they’re used close to food."},"panel5-text":{"p1":"And, if you’re exposed to biological hazards, like bacteria and viruses, you could quickly become ill."}},"hs-01-010-030":{"title":"COSHH","text":{"p1":"Given how dangerous hazardous substances can be, it’s no surprise that there are laws designed to protect you from them. The main law in this area is called the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations, or COSHH for short.","p2":"There are a few things COSHH doesn’t cover, like asbestos, lead, and medicines. These have their own regulations, and you’ll need special training if you’re to deal with them.","p3":"But that leaves pretty much any commercial chemical or biological substance, you might come into contact with as part of your work, including things you’ll find in many office-based work environments."}},"hs-01-010-040":{"title":"Under the COSHH","intro-text":{"p1":"So, how does COSHH protect you from hazardous substances? The answer is that it places clear duties on organisations and the individuals within them:"},"panel1-text":{"p1":"COSHH places a duty on us as an organisation to identify hazardous substances and who may be exposed to them, and reduce the risk where possible. This means undertaking a risk assessment, putting control measures in place, monitoring your exposure, and providing effective personal protective equipment to keep you safe."},"panel2-text":{"p1":"Line managers must ensure that these assessments, control measures, and protective equipment are all properly in place, and working effectively."},"panel3-text":{"p1":"Every employee has a duty to apply the control measures that are in place, to use the correct personal protective equipment, and to report any problems they encounter with it."}},"hs-01-010-050":{"title":"Avoiding disease","intro-text":{"p1":"As we’ve mentioned, COSHH doesn’t just cover hazardous chemicals. It also covers many biological hazards that can lead to infections."},"question":{"question":"In which of these situations do you think the COSHH regulations apply?","instruction":"Select the ones you think are covered by COSHH, then select Confirm to find out how you did.","option1":"Jill works in a laboratory that uses Salmonella bacteria to test the effectiveness of disinfectants.","option2":"Ryan delivers animal feed to dairy, poultry, and pig farms. Some of the farms are combating disease outbreaks.","option3":"Sachi is a financial advisor and occasionally meets clients for lunches. Recently, she was diagnosed with chickenpox following a business lunch with a client.","option4":"Bill is an auxiliary nurse working in a care home that looks after elderly and vulnerable people, some of whom have tuberculosis.","option5":"Mandy works in an old office building and has recently contracted legionnaires disease caused by a poorly maintained air conditioning system."},"feedback-text":{"p1":"That’s right, well done. Select Continue for further feedback.","p2":"Not quite. Select Continue to see the correct answers."},"final-text":{"p1":"COSHH doesn’t cover non-work-related infections when caught from co-workers or the public.","p2":"But COSHH does cover situations in which the nature of your work brings you into contact with biological hazards, even if it’s only incidentally – by visiting infected farms, for example."}},"hs-01-010-060":{"title":"Know your enemy","intro-text":{"p1":"Here is a selection of diseases you could come across as part of your work, especially if you visit unsanitary environments or work with vulnerable groups. Select each one to find out more. Select Continue when you’ve finished."},"option-headings":{"desc":"Description","trans":"Transmission"},"option1-label":{"text":"Diarrhoeal disease"},"option1-text":{"desc":"Diarrhoeal disease is a collective term for a range of infections that cause diarrhoea and sickness, with symptoms typically lasting no more than a few days. The vast majority of work-related infections – nearly 90% – fall into this category.","trans":"Most diarrhoeal diseases are infectious, and are caused by viruses or bacteria. You can catch diarrhoeal diseases through contact with infected food or water, or an infected person."},"option2-label":{"text":"Hepatitis"},"option2-text":{"desc":"Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, generally caused by a viral infection. It is a serious condition that can lead to liver failure.","trans":"The most dangerous forms of hepatitis, such as B and C, are communicated through blood and sexual contact. However, Hepatitis A can be caught by eating infected food."},"option3-label":{"text":"AIDS"},"option3-text":{"desc":"AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a collection of symptoms and infections characterised by a breakdown of the body’s natural defences. It’s caused by a virus called the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV.","trans":"The three main ways in which HIV is transmitted to others are: sexual contact, mixing blood (through tattooing and sharing needles, for example) and mother-to-child transmission. The risk of occupational infection is low."},"option4-label":{"text":"Legionnaires' disease"},"option4-text":{"desc":"Legionnaires’ disease is a rare form of pneumonia caused by inhaling the mist from water sources infected by Legionella bacteria.","trans":"The most common cause of the disease is contaminated showers and air conditioning systems. Legionnaires’ disease can’t be passed from one person to another."},"option5-label":{"text":"Leptospirosis"},"option5-text":{"desc":"Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease usually causing flu-like symptoms and general aches and pains. The severe form of the disease (Weil’s disease) is much more serious, causing jaundice and liver damage.","trans":"Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria found in the urine of infected animals, commonly rats and mice. Humans get infected through contact with contaminated water, food, or soil."},"option6-label":{"text":"Tuberculosis"},"option6-text":{"desc":"Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs. Large numbers of people carry the infection without developing the disease. However, if their immune system is weakened, the disease can often develop.","trans":"Transmission occurs through coughing of infectious droplets, but usually requires prolonged close contact with an infectious case."},"final-text":{"p1":"Of course, it’s easy to get a little paranoid when you hear about all the diseases that are waiting to infect you, not to mention the hazardous chemicals we looked at earlier. But as you’ll see in a moment, it’s actually very easy to reduce the risks and keep yourself safe when you’re at work."}},"hs-01-010-070":{"title":"Summary","text":{"p1":"In this section you learned about the threat posed by hazardous substances and the legislation that’s been put in place to protect people from them.","p2":"As you saw, hazardous substances include most commercial chemicals and almost any kind of dust. All sorts of living nasties, like viruses and bacteria, as well as body fluids are also included, but only if you’re especially exposed to them through your work.","p3":"In the next section, we’ll go on to look at what you can do to protect yourself from hazardous substances. Select Continue to move on to the next section now, or Home to return to the course menu."}},"hs-02":{"title":"Protecting yourself from hazardous substances","description":"Find out what you can do to keep yourself and others safe from hazardous substances."},"hs-02-010-010":{"title":"Protecting yourself and others","text1":{"p1":"The best way to keep yourself and others safe from hazardous substances is by following a simple four-point plan:"},"text2":{"p1":"First of all, find out as much as you can about the hazards you’re dealing with, and the control measures that are in place."},"text3":{"p1":"Second, as far as possible, find ways to reduce the risk for yourself and others, or avoid it altogether."},"text4":{"p1":"Third, make sure all hazardous substances are properly stored and disposed of when necessary."},"text5":{"p1":"Lastly, remember to use the correct personal protective equipment, and report any problems with it.","p2":"In this section, we’ll explore each of these areas in more detail, providing you with practical tips and guidelines for staying safe."}},"hs-02-010-020":{"title":"What are we dealing with?","text":{"p1":"If your work brings you into contact with hazardous substances, it’s essential to find out as much as you can about them, and the risks they represent.","p2":"Safety Data Sheets are the main source of information for dangerous chemicals. Every supplier of chemicals is legally obliged to provide one for each of their products. To see an example Safety Data Sheet, select the link now shown. Select Continue when you’re ready to move on.","p3":"Safety Data Sheets all follow the same basic structure, and should include everything you need to know in order to use the chemical safely, and respond to emergencies.","p4":"However, you may not always be able to rely solely on Safety Data Sheets: they can be quite detailed and difficult to interpret unless your have a degree in chemistry! Also, they may not cover all the hazardous substances that you encounter at work, such as by-products of chemical processes and biological hazards.","p5":"That’s why we are responsible for assessing hazardous substances in the workplace and producing risk assessment reports. These are easy-to-follow, practical guides that tell you what you need to do in order to stay safe and well.","p6":"If you don’t know where to find a risk assessment report, or have any queries about a hazardous substance, then you should speak to your line manager or Health and Safety Representative."}},"hs-02-010-030":{"title":"Hazard labels","intro-text":{"p1":"All packages containing hazardous substances must have warning labels, like the one shown here. These summarise the key points from the Safety Data Sheet, warning you about the effects of the substance, and recommending basic safety practices. Select each of the headings to find out more. Select Continue when you’ve finished."},"hazard-label-content":{"chemical-name":"PAINT (METHYL FLAMMALINE, LEAD CHROMOMIUM)","signal-word":"DANGER","hazard-statement1":"Causes damage to the liver and kidneys through prolonged or repeated exposure to the skin.","hazard-statement2":"Highly flammable liquid and vapour.","prec-statement1":"Wash Hands throughly after use and before eating.","prec-statement2":"Keep away from food and drink.","prec-statement3":"Keep away from heat and ignition sources.","first-aid-title":"FIRST AID","first-aid-statement1":"Call emergency medical care.","first-aid-statement2":"Wash affected area of body thoroughly with soap and fresh water."},"option1-label":{"text":"Chemical name"},"option1-text":{"p1":"The chemical name identifies the chemical – or chemicals – in the substance. The names used must comply with international chemical naming standards, so that they can be classified correctly."},"option2-label":{"text":"Signal word"},"option2-text":{"p1":"The signal word denotes the severity of the hazard posed by the substance. One of two signal words may be used:","p2":"DANGER, if it’s a serious hazard","p3":"WARNING, if it’s a less serious hazard"},"option3-label":{"text":"Hazard statement"},"option3-text":{"p1":"The hazard statement summarises the nature of the danger posed by the substance and the level of risk."},"option4-label":{"text":"Precautionary statement"},"option4-text":{"p1":"The precautionary statement outlines the recommended measures that should be taken to minimise risk when handling, using or storing the substance."},"option5-label":{"text":"First aid statement"},"option5-text":{"p1":"The first aid statement summarises the actions that should be taken to help anyone who has been exposed to the substance."},"option6-label":{"text":"Hazard symbols"},"option6-text":{"p1":"Hazard symbols visually indicate the main dangers posed by the substance, as described in the hazard statement. More on these in a moment."}},"hs-02-010-040":{"title":"Hazard symbols","question-header":{"text":"As you just saw, hazard labels will contain one or more symbols indicating the dangers posed by the substance. Here are the main symbols that are used, but do you know what they mean?"},"question-footer":{"text":"Move each symbol alongside the hazard you think it represents. Select Confirm when you’ve finished to see how you did."},"target1-label":{"text":"Chemicals that explode."},"target2-label":{"text":"Oxidising chemicals that can react violently with other materials."},"target3-label":{"text":"Flammable substances that may catch fire on contact with air or an ignition source."},"target4-label":{"text":"Toxic chemicals that can kill even in small quantities."},"target5-label":{"text":"Corrosive chemicals that may damage living tissue."},"target6-label":{"text":"Harmful or irritant material that could cause inflammation, or even death if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed by the skin."},"target7-label":{"text":"Substances that can harm the environment."},"target8-label":{"text":"Gases under pressure."},"target9-label":{"text":"Substances that can have a specific harmful effect, e.g. causing respiratory problems, cancer, etc."},"feedback-text":{"p1":"Yes, that’s spot on, well done. And remember, if you ever encounter any hazardous substances that aren’t clearly labelled, don’t go any further until you have all the information you need.","p2":"That’s pretty good, but you weren’t familiar with all the symbols. Select Continue to see the correct answers.","p3":"Good try, but there were quite a few symbols you weren’t familiar with. Select Continue to see the correct answers.","p4":"We’re now showing the correct answers. Take a moment to memorise the symbols and their meanings. And remember, if you ever encounter any hazardous substances that aren’t clearly labelled, don’t go any further until you have all the information you need."}},"hs-02-010-050":{"title":"Reducing the risk","intro-text":{"p1":"Once you have found out about the hazardous substances you encounter at work, the next step is to explore ways in which you can reduce the risks for yourself and others, or even avoid them altogether. Select each of the icons to learn more. Select Continue when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Alternative"},"option1-text":{"p1":"Find out if it’s possible to do without the hazardous substance completely, perhaps by using a less harmful alternative."},"option2-label":{"text":"Safer form"},"option2-text":{"p1":"If you do need to use a particular chemical, see if it can be used in a safer form. For example, as pellets or impregnated paper, instead of a powder or spray."},"option3-label":{"text":"Ventilation"},"option3-text":{"p1":"Think about ventilation. Some chemicals require a special work area with local exhaust ventilation, or “LEV”. In other cases, you just need to open a window."},"option4-label":{"text":"Washing"},"option4-text":{"p1":"You may be able to improve safety by offering better washing facilities close to the work area, or even changing and laundering facilities."},"option5-label":{"text":"Reduce numbers"},"option5-text":{"p1":"The number of people working with a dangerous substance should be reduced to the lowest level, while still keeping everyone safe."},"option6-label":{"text":"Guidance"},"option6-text":{"p1":"There should be clear guidance for everyone about what to do in an emergency, including the use of medical supplies."}},"hs-02-010-060":{"title":"Safe storage and disposal","intro-text":{"p1":"Knowing how to store and dispose of a substance is every bit as important as knowing how to use it properly. But why do you think this is?"},"question":{"question":"We’ve listed a number of statements about the storage and disposal of hazardous substances here.","instruction":"Select the ones you think are true, then select Confirm to find out how you did.","option1":"Storing dangerous substances in soft drink bottles could lead to someone getting poisoned.","option2":"Storing some substances in the wrong container could cause a dangerous reaction.","option3":"Pouring even small amounts of bleach down the drain is illegal.","option4":"Disposing of large quantities of any hazardous substance could cause severe environmental problems."},"feedback-text":{"p1":"That’s right, well done. Select Continue for further feedback.","p2":"Not quite. Select Continue to see the correct answers."},"final-text":{"p1":"There are cases of children drinking bleach, for example, because it’s been stored in a lemonade bottle. Only the original container of a hazardous substance will carry the correct safety warnings and guidance.","p2":"Using the wrong bottle can be dangerous in other ways. Pouring bleach into a bottle that used to contain an ammonia-based cleaner, for example, could cause chlorine gas to be released. And if you pour a solvent into the wrong bottle, it may simply melt.","p3":"Small amounts of bleach, and many other cleaning fluids, can safely be poured down the drain, especially if it’s washed away with plenty of water.","p4":"But if you have a large amount of hazardous substance to dispose of, it’s essential to get advice, otherwise you risk causing dangerous levels of pollution, and breaking the law.","p5":"Each substance you work with will have different storage and disposal requirements. Always read the label, and ideally the Safety Data Sheet, to find out about each one."}},"hs-02-010-070":{"title":"Personal Protective Equipment","intro-text":{"p1":"The important thing to remember about personal protective equipment, or PPE, is that it’s a last resort. In other words, it’s no substitute for reducing your exposure to hazardous substances in the ways we’ve already described.","p2":"Once you have reduced the risk as much as possible, personal protective equipment gives an extra layer of security. There are all sorts of options available, and we’re showing just a few here. Select each item to learn more. Select Continue when you’ve finished."},"option1-label":{"text":"Goggles"},"option1-text":{"p1":"If there’s a danger of any substance being splashed into your eyes, you should at least wear safety spectacles. Goggles offer even better protection, as they’re closed at the side, and these will protect your eyes from dust, too."},"option2-label":{"text":"Mask"},"option2-text":{"p1":"Masks can protect you from dust, vapours, even toxic gases, but no single mask is ideal for all these jobs. A small face mask like the one shown here might be adequate for a limited exposure to dust. To protect against gases and vapours, though, you might need a full-face mask with its own air supply."},"option3-label":{"text":"Clothing"},"option3-text":{"p1":"There are special clothes available to protect you from all sorts of hazardous substances, ranging from spray paints to microbiological organisms. It’s important to use the correct clothing for the job, and to avoid contaminating yourself when you take it off."},"option4-label":{"text":"Gloves"},"option4-text":{"p1":"Protective gloves range from very thin rubber gloves through to heavy duty gauntlets. Thin gloves don’t offer much protection against sharp objects, so you shouldn’t rely on them when clearing away used medical supplies, for example."},"option5-label":{"text":"Footwear"},"option5-text":{"p1":"As well as reinforced footwear, you might use boots designed to help you avoid slipping on wet floors, or to protect you from chemical splashes."},"final-text":{"p1":"The danger with personal protective equipment is that it can make you feel safe, even when you’re using the wrong equipment. If you’re in any doubt about what you should be using, get advice. And remember, always:","p2":"Store personal protective equipment correctly, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.","p3":"Check equipment before using it and report anything that appears to be damaged or faulty."}},"hs-02-010-080":{"title":"Summary","text1":{"p1":"In this section, you saw that you can protect yourself and others from hazardous substances by following a simple four-point plan:"},"text2":{"p1":"Firstly, find out as much as you can about the hazards you’re dealing with, and the control measures that are in place."},"text3":{"p1":"Secondly, find ways to reduce the risk, for example by using less hazardous alternatives."},"text4":{"p1":"Thirdly, make sure all hazardous substances are properly stored and disposed of when necessary."},"text5":{"p1":"Lastly, remember to use the correct personal protective equipment, and report any problems with it.","p2":"In the next section, we’ll look at the policies and guidelines we’ve put in place to reduce risk. Select Continue to move on to the next section now, or Home to return to the course menu.","p3":"In the next section, you’ll be able to test your knowledge of what we’ve covered in this course. Select Home to return to the course menu.","p4":"Select Home to return to the course menu."}},"hs-03":{"title":"Our policies & guidelines","description":"Find out about the policies and guidelines we’ve put in place to minimise risk."},"hs-04":{"title":"Test your knowledge","description":"Check your understanding of what we’ve covered in this course."},"hs-quiz-01-010-010":{"question":{"question":"Here are some substances that you might encounter at work. Which of them are considered “hazardous” under health and safety law?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"Printer toner","option2":"Bodily fluids, e.g. blood, saliva","option3":"Hot water","option4":"Bleach","option5":"Screen cleaner","option6":"Solvents, e.g. glue","option7":"Washing up liquid"}},"hs-quiz-01-010-020":{"question":{"question":"What’s the main piece of legislation that’s been put in place to help protect people from hazardous substances at work?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"The Hazardous Substances Act (HSA)","option2":"The Protection from Hazardous Substances Act (PHS)","option3":"The Regulation of Hazardous Substances Act (RHS)","option4":"The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH)"}},"hs-quiz-01-010-030":{"question-header":{"text":"Here is a selection of diseases you could come across as part of your work, especially if you visit unsanitary environments or work with vulnerable groups."},"question-footer":{"text":"Move each disease next to the correct description. Select Confirm when you’ve finished."},"drag1":{"label":"Hepatitis B"},"drag2":{"label":"HIV/AIDS"},"drag3":{"label":"Legionnaires' disease"},"drag4":{"label":"Tuberculosis"},"target1-label":{"text":"An inflammation of the liver, generally caused by a viral infection, which can lead to liver failure. The most dangerous forms are communicated through bodily fluids and sexual contact."},"target2-label":{"text":"A collection of symptoms and infections characterised by a breakdown of the body’s natural defences. The three main forms of transmission are sexual contact, mixing blood, and mother-to-child infection."},"target3-label":{"text":"A rare form of pneumonia that’s often transmitted through the water vapour in contaminated showers and air conditioning systems."},"target4-label":{"text":"A bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs. Can be transmitted through the coughing of infectious droplets, but this usually requires prolonged close contact."}},"hs-quiz-01-010-040":{"question":{"question":"What are the main duties that COSHH places on individuals and organisations?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"It places a duty on organisations to identify hazardous substances and who may be exposed to them, and reduce the risk where possible.","option2":"It mandates that full body protective suits must be used when handling hazardous substances such as bleach.","option3":"Line managers must ensure that the correct assessments and control measures are in place and effective.","option4":"Every employee has a duty to apply the control measures that are in place, and report any problems."}},"hs-quiz-01-010-050":{"question":{"question":"COSHH doesn’t just protect people from chemical hazards – it applies to many biological hazards, too. So which of the situations listed here are covered?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"Karen works in a large open plan office and recently caught flu from one of her co-workers.","option2":"Stuart works at a farm where bovine tuberculosis, which can infect humans, has recently been discovered.","option3":"Thandi is a mental health nurse who’s just joined a clinic specialising in schizophrenia. Shortly after starting the job, she caught chickenpox from one of the out-patients.","option4":"Nina works for the Environment Agency and often has to inspect waterways to ensure they’re free of infections."}},"hs-quiz-01-010-060":{"question":{"question":"COSHH covers most hazardous substances, but there are a few substances that have their own separate regulations. So, which of the substances listed here are covered by COSHH?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"Asbestos","option2":"Anthrax","option3":"Lead","option4":"Medicines","option5":"Fine dust particles"}},"hs-quiz-02-010-010":{"question":{"question":"What’s the first and most important thing you should do to protect yourself from hazardous substances?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"Use the correct personal protective equipment before handling any hazardous substances","option2":"Find out as much as you can about the hazardous substances you’re dealing with before using them","option3":"Ensure all hazardous substances are properly stored and disposed of when necessary"}},"hs-quiz-02-010-020":{"question":{"question":"Every supplier of dangerous chemicals is legally obliged to provide users with detailed safety information. Where can you find this information?","instruction":"Choose your answer, then select Confirm.","option1":"On Health & Safety Checklists","option2":"On Safe Handling Fact Sheets","option3":"On Chemical Hazard Specification Sheets","option4":"On Safety Data Sheets","option5":"On Hazard Guidelines & Procedures Sheets"}},"hs-quiz-02-010-030":{"title":"Hazard symbols","question-header":{"text":"What do each of the following warning symbols mean?"},"question-footer":{"text":"Move each symbol to the correct hazard. Select Confirm when you’ve finished."},"target1-label":{"text":"Chemicals that explode."},"target2-label":{"text":"Oxidising chemicals that can react violently with other materials."},"target3-label":{"text":"Flammable substances that may catch fire on contact with air or an ignition source."},"target4-label":{"text":"Harmful or irritant material that could cause inflammation, or even death if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed by the skin."},"target5-label":{"text":"Toxic chemicals that can kill even in small quantities."},"target6-label":{"text":"Corrosive chemicals that may damage living tissue."},"target7-label":{"text":"Substances that can harm the environment."},"target8-label":{"text":"Substances that can have a specific harmful effect, e.g. causing respiratory problems, cancer, etc."},"target9-label":{"text":"Gases under pressure."}},"hs-quiz-02-010-040":{"question":{"question":"All packages containing hazardous substances must have a warning label. What information can you expect to find on it?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"A description of the hazard.","option2":"The name of the chemical – or chemicals – in the substance.","option3":"Precautionary measures you should take to minimise the risk.","option4":"Alternative or competing products you should consider using instead.","option5":"First aid actions to take if anyone is exposed to the substance.","option6":"Hazard symbols to indicate the main dangers."}},"hs-quiz-02-010-050":{"question":{"question":"Andy has been using an ammonia-based spray to clean and disinfect a worktop area at his workplace. He’s keen to reduce the risk for himself and others, so what would you recommend?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"The most obvious thing Andy could do is find a non-hazardous – or less hazardous – alternative.","option2":"If Andy needs to use an ammonia-based cleaning product, he could use it in a safer form – e.g. impregnated wipes, rather than a spray.","option3":"Andy should close all doors and windows in the area, and switch off any ventilation systems, to ensure the fumes don’t disperse.","option4":"Anyone using the cleaner should read the warning label to find out about precautionary measures, and what to do in an emergency."}},"hs-quiz-02-010-060":{"question":{"question":"Bev works at a printing company where they use a wide range of hazardous substances – everything from oil-based inks to toxic solvents. Following a risk assessment, Bev has realised that they’re storing much more than they need of a particular solvent. What do you think Bev should do about this?","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"Bev should pour some of the solvent into various smaller bottles, such as empty water or soft drink bottles.","option2":"Before transferring or disposing of the solvent, Bev should read the label, and ideally the Safety Data Sheet.","option3":"One sensible way to reduce the level of risk would be to pour a large amount of the solvent down the drain.","option4":"If Bev decides to dispose of a large amount of the solvent, she should get advice on the best way to do this."}},"hs-quiz-02-010-070":{"question":{"question":"Cheng is a vet who occasionally makes farm visits, and sometimes has to work in very dusty conditions. Which of these types of personal protective equipment would offer reasonable short-term protection from this particular hazard? ","instruction":"Choose your answers, then select Confirm.","option1":"Goggles","option2":"Boots with reinforced toecaps","option3":"Hard hat","option4":"Mask covering nose and mouth","option5":"High visibility vest"}},"player":{"acc":{"recommended":"Recommended for re-study.","tabs":"Tab ${tabNum} of ${tabCount}.","titles":{"course":"${core.course.title} course content.","section":"Section: ${titles.section}. ${core.manifest.player.acc.titles.page}","page":"${titles.page} page content."},"toolkit-menu":"Toolkit.","message-box":{"error":"Error.","information":"Information.","question":"Question.","warning":"Warning."},"links":{"glossary":"Glossary term."},"time":{"seconds1":"${s} second.","seconds2":"${s} seconds.","minutes1":"${m} minute ${seconds}","minutes2":"${m} minutes ${seconds}","hours1":"${h} hour ${minutes}","hours2":"${h} hours ${minutes}"}},"button":{"label":{"accept":"Accept","ask-the-expert":"Ask the expert","audio-enabled":"Audio","bookmark-page":"Bookmark page","cancel":"Cancel","clear":"Clear","close":"Close","confirm":"Confirm","continue":"Continue","continue-next-page":"Continue","continue-next-section":"Continue","course-menu":"Menu","course-summary":"Course summary","dont-know":"Don't know","exit":"Exit","false":"False","focus-outline":"Button outline","glossary":"Glossary","help":"Help","high-contrast":"Inverse colour scheme","hint":"Hint","home-page":"Home","more":"More...","next-page":"Next page","next-section":"Next section","next-tab":"Next tab","no":"No","ok":"OK","pause":"Pause","play":"Play","previous-page":"Previous page","previous-tab":"Previous tab","print":"Print","replay-page":"Replay page","reset":"Reset","resources":"Resources","retry":"Retry","search":"Search","settings":"Settings","show-all-questions":"Show all questions","skip":"Skip","start-course":"Start course","stop":"Stop","submit":"Submit","subtitles-off":"Turn subtitles off","subtitles-on":"Turn subtitles on","toolkit":"Toolkit","true":"True","unsure":"Unsure","video-subtitles":"Subtitles","yes":"Yes"}},"licence":{"licence1":"${core.manifest.player.licence.copyright} ${core.manifest.player.licence.licensed-to}","licence2":"${core.manifest.player.licence.licence1} ${core.manifest.player.licence.until-date}","copyright":"© Cylix Limited","licensed-to":"