Examination of the key concepts of social theory. Introduction This essay will look to reflect in detail the important concepts of social theory. The Topics of social theory that will be clarified in great detail are Social Evolution, which will look at how society has changed overtime, what great sociological figures theorized as time went on and will elaborate the work of Charles Darwin ( A key theorist in the evolution of man and how the environment affected human nature) and Herbert Spencer (A theorist who devised the term “Social theory” and his complex ideas of social sciences and how they all link together to form a society). The second topic that will be looked at is the work of Max Weber (A key figure in the subject of capitalism and social sciences). His early life,  work and beliefs such as his theory of society in spheres ,rationalization, his theory of a social class spheres will be elaborated, and a comparison between him and Karl Marx will be discussed. Karl Marx is another extremely important figure that will be discussed. His work such as the communist league, his belief in social class, his materialistic approach to social theory and his efforts to seize the means of production and unite the working man will be clarified and a comparison of his work to weber's will talked about too. The third topic to be discussed is social class and Inequality. The areas of this that will be focused on is if there are any current social classes in modern day society,if Inequality is still a problem within certain societies, if the work of some of the sociological figures mentioned have manifested themselves in modern day society and if there is social ranks in the present times. The fourth Topic to be established is the Industrialization of society The last subject that can be discussed here is the development of welfare in the uk and the current contemporary issues in modern day society. How do will live in modern day society? Are there still social classes and have the sociological perspectives of Karl Marx, emile durkheim and max weber affected the way we live today? Social Evolution Social Evolution is a rapidly changing theory that has been occurring since humans were in their primitive stages of life. In those stages of human life, Humans merely acted upon instinct rather than their own intelligence, very similar to how wild animals live. The instinct was survival and to protect one’s self. Overtime Humans have adapted to newer and more complex environments and   they all have learnt key aspects of living that makes us human such as emotion, choice and the ability to think upon our actions a lot like a moral compass. These traits separate us from animals almost like a society. What is happening already is that we are separating and diversifying ourselves with animals in the early stages of Life. You could compare that with modern day society, we separate white people from black people, and the gay people from the heteroesexual people. Of Course society has evolved and begins to accept different ethnics and beliefs of people in modern day society.    This links with the theory of charles darwin a Naturalist who proposed that only the strong and intelligent species will survive as they evolve over time. This theory was called “Natural Selection” a theory suggested by Darwin. C (2011) Although this does not go into detail on the social aspect of how people live today, it shows how humans have evolved into intellectuals who would change the world. According to Ransome, P (2010) a fellow by the name of Herbert Spencer argued with Darwin's theory on Natural Selection. He simply did not agree with the whole “ Evolution of Mankind theory” and is said that he refused to read about such theories. However Herbert Spencer believed in the Aspect of Social Theory and Social Evolution. It said in the book of Ransome. P (2010)  Herbert Spencer's Social Theory is “ Organisms pass through various stages of development. Each stage has to be completed before the next stage can begin. The rate and form of Development is massively affected by our environment”. .  What Herbert is saying is that Society is our basic environment and how that societies shape what people do in their everyday routine. Herbert Spencer also has a key interest in Social Sciences. He said in the book of (Ransome, P 2010) that there are Natural Sciences to human Social evolution, that there are biological Sciences to Social Evolution and finally that there are of course Social Sciences “ Which are concerned with the mechanism of evolution to human social life. There was a key figure in the 19th century who agrees with Herbert Spencer scientific social theory and the gentleman's name is Max Weber. Although Herbert Spencer and Max Weber agreed with the scientific aspect. Weber was also drawn on the subject of capitalism. Max Weber Max Weber was born on April 21st, 1864 in Erfurt. Weber grew up in the confines of a middle class family. He developed an outstanding education and studies at degree level law and eventually a doctorate in Political economy. Although later on in his life he stopped this and went on to write is largest essays on capitalism and Religion and the second one was about the problems with Social Sciences. He had published an extremely important book which portrayed his perspectives on society this book was called  “ The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism” . Emile Durkiem The first perspective weber had was his interest in civilization processes and the focus on how western societies arose when and where they did. A process Max weber came up with is “Rationalization”. Weber introduced the concept of rationalization to explain how Western society has shifted from a mystic or traditional orientation to a more rational orientation. Weber's Concept of Rationalization (2011) helps give a better understanding on the concept of Rationalization. Rationalization is the process of replacing traditional and emotional thought with reason and practicality. Weber believed that most societies throughout history were governed by tradition and that the most significant trend in modern sociology is an increasing rationalization of every part of our daily lives.